Use the map to answer the question.
A map using the present-day Texas border highlights Spanish settlements in the south-eastern region, along with the dates of settlement. The area of the Spanish settlements border the Gulf of Mexico and moves inward, covering about a third of the state’s area. The following settlements are listed, with their dates: Los Adaes, year 1716, located just outside of the present-day eastern border; San Francisco de los Tejas, year 1690; San Antonio de Valero, year 1718; San Fernando de Bexar, year 1731; La Bahía del Espiritu Santo, year 1721; Nacogdoches, year 1779; Victoria, year 1824; San Felipe de Austin, year 1824; San Patricio, year 1829; and Gonzales, year 1825. Also shown is Laredo, year 1755, located far south on the western border. A settlement called Nuestro Señora Guadalupe, year 1659, is in the westernmost corner, and San Francisco de los Conchos, year 1715, is about a third of the way down along the western border. A scale shows 100 miles and 100 kilometers.
Which of these statements best identifies the area of Texas where most Spanish settlements were located during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?(1 point)
Responses
Most Spanish settlements were located in West Texas, with a smaller number of settlements along the Gulf Coast.
Most Spanish settlements were located in West Texas, with a smaller number of settlements along the Gulf Coast.
Most Spanish settlements were located in regions that lacked access to the Gulf of Mexico.
Most Spanish settlements were located in regions that lacked access to the Gulf of Mexico.
Most Spanish settlements were located in southeastern Texas, spanning from San Antonio to the present-day boundary of Louisiana.
Most Spanish settlements were located in southeastern Texas, spanning from San Antonio to the present-day boundary of Louisiana.
Most Spanish settlements were located northwest of San Antonio.
Most Spanish settlements were located northwest of San Antonio.
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From Governor Martinez's letter, historians can infer that the Mexican settlement of Texas contrasted from the earlier Spanish settlement in terms of resource management and support for the soldiers. The letter indicates that the government lacked the resources to provide enough sustenance for the soldiers, resulting in desertion. This suggests that the Mexican settlement faced challenges in providing sufficient support for their military forces.
Based on this information, we can eliminate the options of Mexico placing former Spanish missions in Texas under civilian control, offering soldiers from the United States Army cheap land, and requiring Tejano settlers to defend themselves against a possible French invasion. These options do not directly relate to the issue of resource management mentioned in the letter.
The most reasonable answer is that Mexico abandoned the Spanish plan of building presidios to defend local settlements. As the letter mentions a lack of resources and the entire population being in an unfortunate condition, it suggests that Mexico may have shifted their strategy from relying on fortified military outposts (presidios) to defend the settlements to a different approach. This change in approach could have contributed to the lack of resources and support mentioned in the letter.
Hence, the correct answer is: Mexico abandoned the Spanish plan of building presidios to defend local settlements.
Governor Martínez describes an economically difficult time period shortly after Mexico won its independence from Spain in 1821.
Most Spanish settlements were located in southeastern Texas, spanning from San Antonio to the present-day boundary of Louisiana.
Most Spanish settlements were located in southeastern Texas, spanning from San Antonio to the present-day boundary of Louisiana.
To answer the question, we need to analyze the information provided in the map.
According to the map, the Spanish settlements in Texas during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were primarily located in the southeastern region, bordering the Gulf of Mexico. The settlements listed on the map, such as Los Adaes, San Antonio de Valero, San Fernando de Bexar, La Bahía del Espiritu Santo, and Nacogdoches, are all situated in this southeastern area.
There are no Spanish settlements shown in West Texas or in regions that lack access to the Gulf of Mexico. Therefore, we can eliminate the second and third statements.
While some settlements are located along the Gulf Coast, such as Los Adaes, most of the Spanish settlements listed are located further inland, spanning from San Antonio to the present-day boundary of Louisiana. This supports the fourth statement that most Spanish settlements were located in southeastern Texas.
Hence, the correct answer is: Most Spanish settlements were located in southeastern Texas, spanning from San Antonio to the present-day boundary of Louisiana.
What was one reason shared by Spain and Mexico for settling Texas?(1 point)
Responses
Their farmers and ranchers wanted inexpensive land.
Their farmers and ranchers wanted inexpensive land.
They wanted to set up a buffer against hostile enemies.
They wanted to set up a buffer against hostile enemies.
They were searching for legendary cities of gold.
They were searching for legendary cities of gold.
They wanted to prevent France from colonizing Texas.
They wanted to prevent France from colonizing Texas.
They wanted to prevent France from colonizing Texas.
Use the excerpt to answer the question.
“The government lacks the resources to give each soldier enough to sustain [support] him, and this fact has not caused desertion to decrease. On this date 311 men are missing from the . . . division. . . . I have ordered the paymaster . . . to purchase and bring here the 150 loads of flour for the relief . . . of the [soldiers]. . . . I have absolutely nothing on hand . . . and the entire population is in the same unfortunate condition.”
—Antonio Martinez, Spanish Governor of Texas, Letter to General Joaquin Arredondo, June 19, 1820
How can historians use and manage information about the lack of food and other resources mentioned in Governor Martinez’s letter to determine how the Mexican settlement of Texas contrasted from the earlier Spanish settlement of this region?
(1 point)
Responses
Mexico placed former Spanish missions in Texas under civilian control.
Mexico placed former Spanish missions in Texas under civilian control.
Mexico offered soldiers from the United States Army cheap land to defend the Texas frontier.
Mexico offered soldiers from the United States Army cheap land to defend the Texas frontier.
Mexico required Tejano settlers to defend themselves against a possible French invasion.
Mexico required Tejano settlers to defend themselves against a possible French invasion.
Mexico abandoned the Spanish plan of building presidios to defend local settlements.
Mexico abandoned the Spanish plan of building presidios to defend local settlements.
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Which of the following statements best describes how Anglo-American cultural attitudes toward the Indigenous people of Texas differed from those of earlier Spanish and Tejano settlers?(1 point)
Responses
Anglo-American settlers had little interest in sharing their culture with the Indigenous people of Texas.
Anglo-American settlers had little interest in sharing their culture with the Indigenous people of Texas.
Anglo-American settlers drove Indigenous people away from their settlements in Texas.
Anglo-American settlers drove Indigenous people away from their settlements in Texas.
Anglo-American settlers respected the rights of the Indigenous people living in Texas.
Anglo-American settlers respected the rights of the Indigenous people living in Texas.
Anglo-American settlers established missions and schools to teach Indigenous people in Texas Protestant religions and the English language.
Anglo-American settlers established missions and schools to teach Indigenous people in Texas Protestant religions and the English language.
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Use the excerpt to answer the question.
“[Texas] has advanced at an amazing rate of ruin and destruction. . . . The troops . . . have drained the resources of this country, and laid their hand on everything that could sustain [support] human life.”
—Antonio María Martínez, Governor of Texas
What economically difficult time period does Governor Martínez describe in this passage?
(1 point)
Responses
when France threatened Spanish settlements in Texas during the late 1600s
when France threatened Spanish settlements in Texas during the late 1600s
shortly after Mexico won its independence from Spain in 1821
shortly after Mexico won its independence from Spain in 1821
right before Texas declared its independence from Mexico in 1836
right before Texas declared its independence from Mexico in 1836
when Spanish conquistadores first entered Texas in search of gold
when Spanish conquistadores first entered Texas in search of gold
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