Why do drive reduction approaches fail to offer a complete account of human motivation
A-Drive reduction approaches are vague about what,or even how many, primary drives exist
B-Homeostasis doesn’t accurately describe the mechanism by which primary drives operate
C-Drive reduction approaches offer much better explanations of behaviors motivated by secondary drives than of behaviors motivated by primary drives
D-People are sometimes motivated to increase rather than decrease their level of stimulation
D-People are sometimes motivated to increase rather than decrease their level of stimulation.
The most appropriate answer is C - Drive reduction approaches offer much better explanations of behaviors motivated by secondary drives than of behaviors motivated by primary drives.
Drive reduction approaches propose that human motivation is driven by the desire to reduce or eliminate internal physiological or psychological tension, referred to as "drives". However, this approach fails to offer a complete account of human motivation for several reasons.
Firstly, drive reduction approaches are vague about what primary drives exist and how many there are. Primary drives refer to basic physiological needs such as hunger, thirst, and sex. However, it is difficult to precisely define and categorize all primary drives, which limits the completeness of drive reduction approaches.
Secondly, homeostasis, which is a key concept in drive reduction approaches, doesn't accurately describe the mechanism by which primary drives operate. Homeostasis refers to the body's tendency to maintain balance and stability. However, primary drives are not solely driven by the desire to return to a state of homeostasis. For example, hunger doesn't only arise from a physiological need to maintain a balanced state but can also be influenced by psychological, social, and environmental factors.
Lastly, drive reduction approaches offer much better explanations for behaviors motivated by secondary drives rather than primary drives. Secondary drives are learned motivations that are not directly related to physiological needs, such as the desire for achievement, power, or affiliation. Drive reduction approaches can explain secondary drives more effectively because they are not solely tied to physiological factors and can account for a wider range of behaviors.
In addition to these reasons, it is important to note that people are sometimes motivated to increase, rather than decrease, their level of stimulation. This contradicts the notion that motivation is solely driven by the desire to reduce tension. For example, individuals may engage in thrilling or risky activities that increase their arousal levels.
Overall, drive reduction approaches fail to offer a complete account of human motivation due to the vagueness of primary drives, the limitations of homeostasis as a mechanism, and the better explanations provided for secondary drives compared to primary drives.
All of the options mentioned (A, B, C, and D) contribute to why drive reduction approaches fail to offer a complete account of human motivation. Here is a breakdown of each point:
A - Drive reduction approaches are vague about what, or even how many, primary drives exist: Drive reduction approaches are based on the concept of primary drives, which are basic physiological needs like hunger, thirst, and sleep. However, these approaches are not clear on how many such drives exist and what they entail. This lack of specificity hampers a comprehensive understanding of human motivation.
B - Homeostasis doesn’t accurately describe the mechanism by which primary drives operate: Drive reduction approaches rely on the concept of homeostasis, which suggests that individuals are motivated to maintain internal equilibrium. However, this understanding does not fully capture the complexity of human motivation, as it fails to account for instances where individuals may be motivated by factors beyond physiological balance.
C - Drive reduction approaches offer much better explanations of behaviors motivated by secondary drives than of behaviors motivated by primary drives: Secondary drives, such as achievement and affiliation, are learned motivations that are not directly related to physiological needs. Drive reduction approaches tend to provide more comprehensive explanations for behaviors driven by secondary drives rather than those motivated by primary drives.
D - People are sometimes motivated to increase rather than decrease their level of stimulation: Drive reduction approaches assume that individuals are motivated to reduce internal tension by satisfying primary drives. However, in certain situations, individuals may seek out stimuli that increase their level of arousal or excitement, contradicting the idea of purely drive reduction motivation.
In conclusion, drive reduction approaches fail to offer a complete account of human motivation due to their vagueness regarding primary drives, an incomplete understanding of the mechanism of primary drives, better explanations for secondary drive behaviors, and the recognition that humans are sometimes motivated to increase rather than decrease stimulation.