Moving from the element with atomic number 10 to atomic number 11 on the periodic table, there is a change in reactivity. In three to five sentences, identify the direction of the change, and give two reasons for the change.(4 points)
Moving from the element with atomic number 10 (neon, Ne) to atomic number 11 (sodium, Na) on the periodic table, there is a change in reactivity towards other elements. The change in reactivity is that sodium is more reactive than neon.
Two reasons for this change are:
1. Atomic structure: Sodium has one more electron in its outermost energy level (3s^1) compared to neon, which has a completely filled outermost energy level (2s^2 2p^6). This extra electron in sodium's outermost shell makes it more prone to losing that electron and forming positive ions. In contrast, neon's stable electron configuration makes it very unreactive.
2. Electronegativity: Sodium has a lower electronegativity than neon. Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond. Since sodium has a lower electronegativity, it is less likely to attract electrons towards itself and more likely to lose them, thus increasing its reactivity. Neon, on the other hand, has a high electronegativity, making it less likely to lose or gain electrons and therefore less reactive.
Overall, the change in reactivity from neon to sodium is due to the difference in atomic structure and electronegativity, with sodium being more reactive because of its tendency to lose electrons and lower electronegativity.