int sqrt(int number);
sq_root = sqrt(1000);
int sqrt(int number)
int guess=5, i=1;
for(i=1;guess=5;i != guess;)
{
i = guess;
guess = (i + (10000/i))/2;
}
return guess;
}
what does each line do?
int sqrt(int number); - This line is a function declaration for a function named sqrt, which takes an integer parameter named number and returns an integer value.
sq_root = sqrt(1000); - This line assigns the result of calling the sqrt function with the value 1000 to a variable named sq_root.
int sqrt(int number) - This line starts the definition of the sqrt function. It specifies that the function takes an integer parameter named number and returns an integer value.
int guess=5, i=1; - This line declares and initializes two integer variables named guess and i, with initial values 5 and 1 respectively.
for(i=1; guess=5; i != guess;) - This line starts a for loop with i set to 1, guess set to 5, and the condition i != guess. This creates an infinite loop because the condition is never false.
i = guess; - This line sets the value of i to the current value of guess.
guess = (i + (10000/i))/2; - This line updates the value of guess using the Babylonian method to approximate the square root of 10000.
return guess; - This line ends the sqrt function and returns the value of guess as the result of the function.
Let's break down the code step by step:
1. `int sqrt(int number);`: This line is a function declaration. It specifies that there is a function named "sqrt" that takes an integer argument named "number" and returns an integer.
2. `sq_root = sqrt(1000);`: This line assigns the value returned by calling the `sqrt` function with an argument of 1000 to a variable named "sq_root".
3. `int sqrt(int number)`: This line is the start of the implementation of the `sqrt` function. It specifies that the function will return an integer and takes an integer argument named "number".
4. `int guess=5, i=1;` This line declares two integer variables "guess" and "i" and initializes them with the values 5 and 1 respectively.
5. `for(i=1; guess=5; i != guess;)` This line sets up a for loop. The loop initializes "i" to 1, checks if "guess" is equal to 5, and then checks if "i" is not equal to "guess" at the end of each iteration.
6. Next, we have the body of the for loop, which consists of the following lines:
a. `i = guess;` This line assigns the value of "guess" to "i".
b. `guess = (i + (10000/i))/2;` This line calculates a new guess value using an equation that approximates the square root of a number. It uses the current value of "i" and updates the "guess" value accordingly.
7. Finally, `return guess;` This line is outside the for loop and it returns the calculated approximation of the square root stored in the "guess" variable.
Let's break down the code and explain what each line does:
1. `int sqrt(int number);` - This line is a function prototype that declares a function named `sqrt` that takes an `int` parameter named `number` and returns an `int` value.
2. `sq_root = sqrt(1000);` - This line calls the `sqrt` function with an argument of 1000 and assigns the returned value to a variable named `sq_root`.
3. `int sqrt(int number)` - This line marks the beginning of the implementation of the `sqrt` function.
4. `int guess=5, i=1;` - This line declares and initializes two variables: `guess` with a value of 5, and `i` with a value of 1.
5. `for(i=1;guess=5;i != guess;)` - This line starts a `for` loop. It initializes `i` to 1, sets the condition for the loop to continue (`guess = 5`), and specifies the iteration expression (`i != guess`). This loop will continue indefinitely as long as `guess` is assigned the value of 5.
6. `{ i = guess; guess = (i + (10000/i))/2; }` - This block of code is the body of the `for` loop. It assigns the current value of `guess` to `i`, and then calculates a new value for `guess` using the equation `(i + (10000/i))/2`. This is an implementation of the approximation algorithm for calculating the square root.
7. `return guess;` - This line ends the `sqrt` function and returns the final value of `guess` as the result.
Overall, the code is an implementation of an algorithm to approximate the square root of a number using a fixed number of iterations. It starts with an initial guess of 5 and iteratively improves the guess until it converges to the desired value.