1. Look at the microscope image of cheek cells below.
Identify which letter represents the area where DNA is stored. (1 point)
a. W
b. X
c. Y
d. Z
2. If a cell has a large number of chloroplasts present, what is the most likely function of that cell? (1 point)
a. photosynthesis
b. fermentation
c. transpiration
d. respiration
3. Which of these is a characteristic of body cells that require large amounts of energy? (1 point)
a. They have a supplementary Y chromosome.
b. They have a two-layer membrane.
c. They have a storage area for albumin proteins.
d. They have a large number of mitochondria.
4. The entire structure above is a (1 point)
a. Helper T cell
b. bacteria
c. virus
d. cell
5. The diagram above represents two cells, X and Y. Which statement is correct concerning Cell X? (1 point)
• It does not have a nucleus.
• It obtains its energy through cellular respiration in the mitochondria.
• It has an organelle that undergoes photosynthesis.
• It is a plant cell.
6. Which diagram above shows cancer cells? (1 point)
a. A
b. B
c. A & B
d. Neither
7. Which of these does a virus need in order to multiply? (1 point)
a. Chloroplasts from a host cell
b. New ADP from a host cell
c. A host cell to provide oxygen for the virus
d. A host cell to replicate the virus’s DNA
8. Which of the following is the equation for photosynthesis? (1 point)
a. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → 6 O2 + 6 ATP
b. 6 CO2 + 6 ADP + light → 6 O2 + 6 H2O
c. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light → 6 O2 + 6 C6H12O6
d. 6 C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + ATP → 6 O2 + 6 CO2
9. Which statement best describes viral reproduction? (1 point)
a. Viruses may contain DNA or RNA.
b. Viral nucleic acid is inserted into a host cell where it may replicate immediately or become dormant until a later time.
c. Viruses reproduce independent of cell based organisms.
d. The lysogenic phase of viral replication causes cell death while the lytic phase of viral replication results in prophage formation.
10. Which of the following is the equation for cellular respiration? (1 point)
a. 6 CO2 + 6 ADP + light → 6 O2 + 6 H2O
b. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → 6 O2 + 6 ATP
c. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light → 6 O2 + 6 C6H12O6
d. 6 C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + ATP
11. Which of the cells characterized in the chart above is a plant cell? (1 point)
a. D
b. A
c. C
d. B
12. Which of the following statements describes active transport?(1 point)
• Movement of a specific substance across a membrane.
• [Movement of a substance against a concentration gradient. D]
• Spontaneous movement of a substance through a semipermeable membrane.
• Net movement of a substance from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
13. Which of the following describes how lysogenic viruses are different from lytic viruses.(1 point)
a. Lysogenic viruses are cellular and lytic viruses are not.
b. Lysogenic viruses are made of DNA. Lytic viruses are made of RNA.
c. Lysogenic viruses only infect plant cells and lytic viruses only infect animal cells.
d. Lysogenic viruses do not cause the host cell to burst right away and lytic virsuses do immediately cause the host cell to burst.
14. Consider the cell cycle shown below. A cell will stop dividing and go into G0, the resting phase, if it receives the proper signal at the G1 checkpoint.
What would happen if the G1 checkpoint regulation failed? (1 point)
a. The cell would continue in the cycle and divide uncontrollably, which may lead to cancer.
b. The cell would enter into G0, the resting phase.
c. The checkpoint is not important, the cell would go on to the next phase.
d. The cell would remain in G1 and continue to grow.
A student observed cells of a familiar species under a microscope. Analyze the observations the student recorded in the chart below.
1.Ribosomes are present.
2. Genetic material is present.
3. No membrane bound organelles.
4. Cell wall is present.
15. Which of the following observations supports the student’s conclusion that the species is a prokaryote? (1 point)
a. Observation 1
b. Observation 2
c. Observation 3
d. Observation 4
17. What is the process by which cells undergo programmed cell death, playing a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and preventing the increase of damaged cells? (1 point)
a. Mitosis
b. Apoptosis
c. Meiosis
d. Replication
18. Read all of the following statements. Mark all that are true. (1 point)
Responses
• Plant cells do not have a Golgi Apparatus
• Arteries are vessels that carry unoxygenated blood back to the heart.
• In cancer cells, checkpoints are ignored and the cell continues to divide.
• Viruses reproduce and evolve, just like bacteria.
1. c. Y
2. a. photosynthesis
3. d. They have a large number of mitochondria.
4. d. cell
5. It has an organelle that undergoes photosynthesis.
6. d. Neither
7. d. A host cell to replicate the virus’s DNA
8. c. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light → 6 O2 + 6 C6H12O6
9. b. Viral nucleic acid is inserted into a host cell where it may replicate immediately or become dormant until a later time.
10. d. 6 C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + ATP
11. b. A
12. b. Movement of a substance against a concentration gradient.
13. d. Lysogenic viruses do not cause the host cell to burst right away and lytic viruses do immediately cause the host cell to burst.
14. a. The cell would continue in the cycle and divide uncontrollably, which may lead to cancer.
15. c. Observation 3
17. b. Apoptosis
18. In cancer cells, checkpoints are ignored and the cell continues to divide.
Viruses reproduce and evolve, just like bacteria.
1. Look at the microscope image of cheek cells below.
The area where DNA is stored is represented by letter: d. Z
2. If a cell has a large number of chloroplasts present, the most likely function of that cell is: a. photosynthesis
3. A characteristic of body cells that require large amounts of energy is that they have: d. a large number of mitochondria.
4. The entire structure shown in the image is a: d. cell
5. Concerning Cell X in the diagram, the correct statement is: • It has an organelle that undergoes photosynthesis.
6. The diagram that shows cancer cells is: b. B
7. A virus needs a host cell to replicate the virus's DNA in order to multiply, so the correct answer is: d. A host cell to replicate the virus's DNA.
8. The equation for photosynthesis is: c. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light → 6 O2 + 6 C6H12O6
9. The best description of viral reproduction is: b. Viral nucleic acid is inserted into a host cell where it may replicate immediately or become dormant until a later time.
10. The equation for cellular respiration is: d. 6 C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + ATP
11. The plant cell characterized in the chart above is: a. D
12. Active transport is the movement of a substance against a concentration gradient, so the correct answer is: b. Movement of a substance against a concentration gradient.
13. Lysogenic viruses are different from lytic viruses in that lysogenic viruses do not cause the host cell to burst right away and instead may remain dormant, while lytic viruses immediately cause the host cell to burst. Therefore, the correct answer is: d. Lysogenic viruses do not cause the host cell to burst right away and lytic viruses do immediately cause the host cell to burst.
14. If the G1 checkpoint regulation failed, the cell would continue in the cycle and divide uncontrollably, which may lead to cancer. Therefore, the correct answer is: a. The cell would continue in the cycle and divide uncontrollably, which may lead to cancer.
15. The observation that supports the student's conclusion that the species is a prokaryote is: c. Observation 3 - No membrane-bound organelles.
17. The process by which cells undergo programmed cell death is called: b. Apoptosis.
18. The true statements among the given options are:
- In cancer cells, checkpoints are ignored and the cell continues to divide.
- Viruses reproduce and evolve, just like bacteria.
1. To identify which letter represents the area where DNA is stored in the microscope image of cheek cells, you would need to carefully examine the image. Look for any structures or regions that are known to contain DNA, such as the nucleus. Compare the structures in the image to the options given (a, b, c, d) and determine which one corresponds to the storage of DNA.
2. To determine the most likely function of a cell with a large number of chloroplasts present, you would need to consider the role of chloroplasts in cellular processes. Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, the process by which plants and some other organisms convert sunlight into chemical energy. Therefore, the correct answer would be the option that corresponds to photosynthesis.
3. To identify the characteristic of body cells that require large amounts of energy, you would need to consider the options given (a, b, c, d) and determine which one is associated with cellular energy production. One option that stands out is the one mentioning a large number of mitochondria. Mitochondria are the cellular organelles responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP, so cells with a high number of mitochondria would likely require large amounts of energy.
4. To identify the entire structure shown in the image, you would need to carefully examine the image and compare it to the options given (a, b, c, d). Pay attention to the overall structure and any unique features that could help identify it. Consider the options and choose the one that best describes the observed structure.
5. To determine which statement is correct concerning Cell X in the given diagram, you would need to carefully analyze the diagram and consider the options given. Look for any clues or features that can help identify the characteristics of Cell X. Compare the options and choose the one that aligns with the observed features of Cell X.
6. To identify which diagram shows cancer cells, you would need to carefully analyze the provided diagrams and compare them to the characteristics of cancer cells. Look for any abnormal or uncontrolled growth patterns that are associated with cancer cells. Compare the options and select the one that best represents cancer cells.
7. To determine what a virus needs in order to multiply, you would need to know about the basic characteristics and replication process of viruses. Consider the options given and think about the components essential for viral replication. Choose the option that aligns with the reproduction requirements of viruses.
8. To find the equation for photosynthesis, you would need to know the basic process of photosynthesis and the reactants and products involved. Consider the options given and choose the one that represents the reactants and products of photosynthesis accurately.
9. To describe viral reproduction, you would need to consider the characteristics and reproductive mechanisms of viruses. Compare the statements given and choose the one that accurately describes viral reproduction.
10. To find the equation for cellular respiration, you would need to know the basic process of cellular respiration and the reactants and products involved. Consider the options given and choose the one that represents the reactants and products of cellular respiration accurately.
11. To determine which cell characterized in the chart is a plant cell, you would need to carefully analyze the characteristics listed in the chart and compare them to the features of plant cells. Pay attention to cell structures and functions that are specific to plant cells. Compare the options and choose the one that aligns with the characteristics of a plant cell.
12. To describe active transport, you would need to understand the general processes of cellular transport and the characteristics of active transport. Consider the options given and choose the statement that accurately describes active transport.
13. To understand the differences between lysogenic and lytic viruses, you would need to know about the reproductive strategies and effects of these types of viruses. Compare the statements given and choose the one that accurately distinguishes between lysogenic and lytic viruses.
14. To determine the outcome if the G1 checkpoint regulation failed, you would need to understand the role of checkpoints in the cell cycle and the consequences of failed regulation. Consider the options given and choose the one that describes the potential outcome of a failed G1 checkpoint regulation.
15. To identify which observation supports the conclusion that the observed species is a prokaryote, you would need to understand the characteristics of prokaryotic cells. Compare the observations and choose the one that is typically associated with prokaryotes.
17. To identify the process by which cells undergo programmed cell death, you would need to know the term used to describe this process and its significance in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Consider the options given and choose the term that accurately represents programmed cell death.
18. To determine which statements are true among the options given, you would need to consider the accuracy of each statement based on knowledge of plant cells, arteries, cancer cells, and viruses. Read each statement carefully and mark the ones that are true.