the DNA molecules held together by what bond and RNA also by what bond
DNA molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs. Specifically, adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) through two hydrogen bonds, and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G) through three hydrogen bonds.
RNA molecules, on the other hand, are typically held together by phosphodiester bonds. These bonds form between the 3' carbon of one nucleotide and the 5' carbon of the adjacent nucleotide, creating a sugar-phosphate backbone.
DNA molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds. These bonds form between complementary base pairs, adenine (A) with thymine (T) and guanine (G) with cytosine (C).
RNA molecules are also held together by hydrogen bonds. However, in RNA, the base uracil (U) replaces thymine (T), so the complementary base pairing is adenine (A) with uracil (U), and guanine (G) with cytosine (C).
DNA molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds, whereas RNA molecules are held together by phosphodiester bonds.
To understand why DNA is held together by hydrogen bonds, we need to look at its structure. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a double-stranded molecule composed of two strands that are held together in a twisted ladder-like structure called a double helix. Each strand is made up of nucleotides, which consist of a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), or guanine (G).
The hydrogen bonds occur between the nitrogenous bases of the two DNA strands. Specifically, adenine forms two hydrogen bonds with thymine, and cytosine forms three hydrogen bonds with guanine. These hydrogen bonds provide stability to the DNA molecule by holding the strands together.
On the other hand, RNA, or ribonucleic acid, is a single-stranded molecule that performs various essential roles in gene expression. It is also composed of nucleotides, but with a ribose sugar instead of a deoxyribose sugar. Like DNA, RNA also has nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
The single strand of RNA folds upon itself and forms hydrogen bonds between complementary bases within the same molecule. For example, adenine forms two hydrogen bonds with uracil, and cytosine forms three hydrogen bonds with guanine.
In summary, DNA molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases of the two strands, while RNA molecules are held together by phosphodiester bonds within the same single strand.