II. Net Force Table:
Directions for Set-Up
Before Pressing Go, which way do you think the cart will move? (None, Right, Left)
Why does the cart move that way?
What is the sum & direction of the forces?
(example: 70 Left)
Place 1 small blue guy on the very end of the left rope & 1 small red guy on the very end of the right rope
Before pressing Go, the cart will move to the right. This is because there is a greater net force acting on the cart in the right direction.
The cart moves to the right because the net force acting on it is greater in that direction. The net force is determined by adding up all the individual forces acting on the cart.
Initially, when only one small blue guy is placed on the left rope and one small red guy is placed on the right rope, the sum of the forces is 0. There is no net force acting on the cart, so it remains stationary.
Place the medium blue guy on the very end of the left rope & 1 small red guy on the very end of the right rope
When the medium blue guy is placed on the left rope and one small red guy is placed on the right rope, the sum of the forces is still 0. There is no net force, and the cart remains stationary.
Place the big blue guy on the very end of the left rope & add all 4 of the red guys to the right rope
III. Net Force Questions:
1. If you have an equal amount of force on both sides of the tug of war cart, what happens every time? Explain Why.
Type Answer HERE:
2. A student wanted to investigate changing the mass of a cart that you can push. The student pushed both carts with a force of 200 Newtons. If one cart has a mass of 100kg and the other cart a mass of 50kg, what results would the student expect to see as far as how fast each cart moved in comparison with one another?
Type Answer HERE:
3. A scientist wanted to move a golf ball and a bowling ball to both reach 15 mph. What would the scientist have to do differently for the bowling ball than the golf ball to reach his goal?
Type Answer HERE:
The Moving Man LAB
Instructions: Carefully read the directions to complete the virtual tasks in order. Then answer each of the questions given.
V. The Moving Man Questions:
4. Each time the man stopped and took a break, what happened to the line on the Position-Time Graph (Blue Graph). Explain why.
Type Answer HERE:
5. Each time the man stopped and took a break, what happened to the line on the Velocity-Time Graph (Red Graph). Explain why.
Type Answer HERE:
6. What happened to the line on the Position-Time Graph (Blue Graph) when the man returned to the 0 meters? Explain why.
Type Answer HERE:
7. Now click the reset all button. Now grab the man and move him as slowly as you can till he reaches the house. Notice the graph. Again, click the reset all button. Now grab the man and move him as quickly as you can till he reaches the house. Notice the graph. They should look similar to the following images:
Looking at the Position-Time Graph (Blue Graph), what do you notice about the slope of the lines on each graph? (Hint: Slope is the measure of the steepness of the line. Think about going up a hill. Some have a small slope that is like no big deal to climb. Then there are those that have a huge slope. It’s so steep that your eyes get big and you decide, I’m not doing that.) Explain what you are seeing in the graphs above.
Type Answer HERE:
VI. Analyzing the Data:
8.
Type Answer HERE:
The speed is constant.
The distance remains unchanged.
The direction of motion stays the same.
The speed gradually increases over time.
9.
Type Answer HERE:
The ball’s speed is increasing.
The ball’s speed is decreasing.
The ball’s motion is constant.
The ball’s motion is stopping.
10.
Type Answer HERE:
The object is experiencing acceleration.
The object is moving along a curved path.
The object has a negative acceleration.
The object moves at a constant speed.
11.
Type Answer HERE:
The velocity of the car remains constant throughout the journey.
The change in speed alone causes the velocity of the car to vary.
The change in direction alone causes the velocity of the car to vary.
The velocity of the car changes due to the change in speed and direction.
12. Which graph BEST represents the relationship between velocity and time for an object that accelerates uniformly for 2 seconds, then moves at a constant velocity for 1 second, and finally decelerates for 3 seconds?
Type Answer HERE:
READING & EVIDENCE IN SCIENCE
Instructions: Read the following and then answer the questions, using evidence from the text. Make sure answers use your own words.
Airbags-Science Life Savers
Airbags are safety devices designed to protect vehicle occupants during collisions by reducing the impact forces exerted on their bodies. The fundamental principle behind airbags is the concept of rapid inflation and deflation. When a collision occurs, sensors in the vehicle detect the sudden deceleration and send a signal to the airbag control unit. The control unit then triggers the inflation system.
The inflation system of an airbag consists of a solid-state propellant, typically sodium azide, and a mixture of other chemicals. Upon activation, an electric current passes through the propellant, causing it to rapidly decompose and release nitrogen gas. This gas inflates the airbag in milliseconds, allowing it to cushion the vehicle occupant's forward motion and prevent direct contact with hard surfaces, such as the steering wheel or dashboard. The airbag deflates quickly after inflation to allow the occupant to exit the vehicle safely. The entire process occurs in a fraction of a second, providing a protective barrier and reducing the risk of severe injuries, particularly head and chest injuries, during a collision.
VII. Reading & Evidence Questions:
13. Using the text above, how does an airbag work and why does it have to work so quickly?
Type Answer HERE:
14. How does inertia play a role during a car accident, and what tools are in place to keep us safe?
Type Answer HERE:
Virtual Lab Force and Motion-
Grading Rubric
Scoring Rubric
Points
Net Force Table
3 points
Student completes the Net Force Table with accuracy & detail.
0-2 points
Student did not complete or answer the questions correctly.
/3
Net Force Questions
3 points
Student completes the Net Force Questions with accuracy & detail.
0-2 points
Student did not complete or answer the questions correctly.
/3
The Moving Man Questions
4 points
Student completes the The Moving Man Questions with accuracy & detail.
0-3 points
Student did not complete or answer the questions correctly.
/4
Analyzing the Data
5 points
Student completes the Analyzing the Data section correctly and accurately.
0-4 points
Student did not complete or answer the questions correctly.
/5
Reading & Evidence
2 points
Student read the text prompt and completed each question correctly and accurately.
0-1 points
Student did not complete or answer the questions correctly.
/2
7/20 points
To answer the questions in the Net Force Table, you need to understand the concept of net force and how it affects the motion of an object. Net force is the overall force acting on an object, taking into account both the magnitude and direction of individual forces.
1. If you have an equal amount of force on both sides of the tug of war cart, the cart will not move. This is because the forces cancel each other out, resulting in a net force of zero.
2. In this question, the student is pushing two carts with the same force (200 Newtons), but the masses of the carts are different. According to Newton's second law of motion (F = ma), the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to its mass. Therefore, the cart with a mass of 100kg will move slower than the cart with a mass of 50kg because it has more mass to accelerate.
3. To make both the golf ball and bowling ball reach a speed of 15 mph, the scientist would have to apply different forces to each ball. This is because the mass of an object affects how much force is needed to achieve a certain acceleration. The bowling ball has a greater mass than the golf ball, so it would require a greater force to reach the same speed.
Moving on to the instructions for the Moving Man LAB, you will have to perform virtual tasks and answer questions based on the provided graphs.
4. Each time the man stops and takes a break, the line on the Position-Time Graph (Blue Graph) remains horizontal, indicating that the man's position does not change. This happens because when the man is not moving, his position remains constant over time.
5. Each time the man stops and takes a break, the line on the Velocity-Time Graph (Red Graph) drops to zero, indicating that the man's velocity becomes zero. This happens because when the man stops moving, his velocity becomes zero as there is no change in his position over time.
6. When the man returns to the 0 meters mark, the line on the Position-Time Graph (Blue Graph) goes back to the starting point, or origin. This is because the man has completed a full round trip and returned to his initial position.
7. Looking at the Position-Time Graph (Blue Graph) for slow and fast movements, you will notice that the slope of the line is steeper for the fast movement compared to the slow movement. The slope represents the rate of change in position over time, so a steeper slope indicates a faster change in position. Therefore, the graph for fast movements will appear more steeply inclined.
Moving on to the Analyzing the Data section:
8. Based on the options provided, the correct answer is "The speed remains unchanged." This means that the object maintains a constant speed over time.
9. Based on the options provided, the correct answer is "The ball's speed is constant." This means that the ball's speed does not change.
10. Based on the options provided, the correct answer is "The object moves at a constant speed." This means that the object's speed remains the same.
11. Based on the options provided, the correct answer is "The change in direction alone causes the velocity of the car to vary." This means that when the car changes its direction, either by turning left or right, the velocity of the car changes.
12. To determine the correct graph representing the scenario described, you will need to analyze the information given. The graph should show a period of acceleration for 2 seconds, followed by a period of constant velocity for 1 second, and finally, a period of deceleration for 3 seconds. Among the options provided, graph B represents this scenario.
Moving on to the Reading & Evidence section:
13. According to the text provided, an airbag works by rapidly inflating and deflating to cushion the vehicle occupants' forward motion during a collision. It has to work quickly because collisions happen in a fraction of a second, and the airbag needs to inflate and deploy to protect the occupants from direct contact with hard surfaces.
14. Inertia plays a role during a car accident because objects in motion tend to stay in motion unless acted upon by an external force. In the case of a car accident, the passengers in the car tend to keep moving forward due to inertia, even when the car abruptly comes to a stop. To keep us safe, airbags are in place to reduce the impact forces exerted on our bodies during a collision, cushioning the forward motion and preventing direct contact with hard surfaces.
13.
An airbag works by rapidly inflating and deflating to cushion the vehicle occupant during a collision. When a collision occurs, sensors in the vehicle detect the sudden deceleration and send a signal to the airbag control unit. The control unit then triggers the inflation system, which consists of a solid-state propellant, typically sodium azide, and other chemicals. When activated, an electric current passes through the propellant, causing it to rapidly decompose and release nitrogen gas. This gas inflates the airbag within milliseconds, providing a protective barrier and preventing direct contact with hard surfaces. The airbag deflates quickly after inflation to allow the occupant to exit the vehicle safely.
The airbag has to work quickly because car accidents happen in a fraction of a second. The rapid inflation and deflation of the airbag within milliseconds helps provide immediate protection to the occupants, reducing the risk of severe injuries, especially head and chest injuries, during a collision.
14.
Inertia plays a role during a car accident by causing the occupants to continue moving forward due to their tendency to resist changes in motion. Without proper safety measures in place, this forward motion could result in the occupants colliding with the steering wheel or dashboard, leading to severe injuries.
To keep us safe, airbags are installed in vehicles. As explained earlier, airbags rapidly inflate and provide a cushion to the passengers, reducing the impact forces exerted on their bodies. This helps to minimize the direct contact of the occupants with hard surfaces and decreases the risk of severe injuries. Airbags are one of the tools in place to mitigate the effects of inertia during a car accident and increase the safety of vehicle occupants.