Which of the following are two ways Europeans explained their rise to the forefront of global trade by the eighteenth century? (1 point)
1. science and medicine
2. industrialization and medicine
3. science and industrialization
4. superior health and firearms
3. science and industrialization
4. superior health and firearms
The correct answer is:
3. science and industrialization
To determine which of the options are the correct ways Europeans explained their rise to the forefront of global trade by the eighteenth century, we can analyze each option and consider the historical context.
1. Science and medicine: During the Enlightenment period, Europe saw significant advancements in science and medicine. These developments in fields such as chemistry, biology, and medicine played a role in European countries gaining a better understanding of various aspects of the world, including navigation, botany, and human health. While these advancements were important, they alone do not fully explain Europe's rise to the forefront of global trade.
2. Industrialization and medicine: Industrialization refers to the shift from predominantly agrarian and manual labor-based economies to economies focused on mass production and mechanization. It was a significant factor in Europe's rise to global trade dominance. However, the role of medicine in Europe's rise is not as crucial as other factors such as technological advancements, colonialism, and global exploration.
3. Science and industrialization: This option combines the ideas of scientific advancements and industrialization, which offers a more comprehensive explanation. Scientific discoveries contributed to the understanding of navigation, geography, and exploration, while industrialization allowed for increased production and efficiency to meet international trade demands. Choosing this option would be the correct answer.
4. Superior health and firearms: Although Europeans' superior health and access to firearms may have provided them with an advantage in interactions with non-European civilizations, it is not a comprehensive explanation for Europe's rise to the forefront of global trade by the eighteenth century.
Therefore, option 3, science and industrialization, is the most accurate way Europeans explained their rise to the forefront of global trade in the eighteenth century.