A) Summarize the function of checkpoints in the cell cycle. (1 point)
Checkpoints prepare the cells for organelle replication.
Checkpoints stop the cell cycle when errors are detected.
Checkpoints ready the cells for genetic material replication.
Checkpoints allow complete cells to bypass stages of the cycle.
Checkpoints in the cell cycle serve to stop the cycle when errors are detected and ensure that the genetic material is properly replicated. They do not prepare the cells for organelle replication or allow complete cells to bypass stages of the cycle.
The function of checkpoints in the cell cycle is to stop the cell cycle when errors are detected.
The correct answer is:
Checkpoints stop the cell cycle when errors are detected.
To arrive at this answer, we need to understand what checkpoints in the cell cycle are. Checkpoints are critical control points in the cell cycle where the cell assesses if it is ready to proceed to the next stage. These checkpoints evaluate various factors to ensure the integrity and accuracy of cell division.
There are three main checkpoints in the cell cycle:
1. G1 Checkpoint (also known as the restriction point): This checkpoint occurs in the G1 phase and is responsible for determining if the cell has all the necessary resources and conditions to proceed with DNA replication. If the cell meets the requirements, it is allowed to progress to the S phase and initiate DNA synthesis. However, if the cell fails to meet the requirements or has damaged DNA, the checkpoint stops the cell cycle and enters a non-dividing phase called G0 or undergoes apoptosis (programmed cell death).
2. G2 Checkpoint: This checkpoint occurs in the G2 phase, after DNA replication during the S phase. It ensures that DNA replication has occurred correctly and assesses if any DNA damage has been repaired. If the DNA is undamaged and properly replicated, the cell can continue to the M phase (mitosis). However, if DNA damage is detected or repairs are incomplete, the checkpoint stops the cell cycle to prevent further replication until the damage is resolved.
3. Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (also called the M checkpoint): This checkpoint is encountered during the M phase, specifically during metaphase. It ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle fibers before they are separated during anaphase. If any chromosome attachments are faulty or incomplete, the checkpoint halts the cell cycle until all attachments are corrected.
Therefore, based on the function of the checkpoints in the cell cycle, the correct answer is:
Checkpoints stop the cell cycle when errors are detected.