How do ribosomes and the Golgi apparatus interact to maintain homeostasis?
a
Ribosomes transport proteins and enzymes that are synthesized by the Golgi apparatus.
b
Ribosomes synthesize proteins that are sorted and packaged by the Golgi apparatus.
c
Ribosomes store liquids and other waste products that are created by the Golgi apparatus.
d
Ribosomes store molecules that are converted into usable energy by the Golgi apparatus.
b
Ribosomes synthesize proteins that are sorted and packaged by the Golgi apparatus.
The correct answer is B: Ribosomes synthesize proteins that are sorted and packaged by the Golgi apparatus.
Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, and they create proteins by chaining together amino acids according to the instructions carried in messenger RNA (mRNA). Once synthesized, these proteins need to be sorted and processed to their final destinations within the cell. This is where the Golgi apparatus comes in.
The Golgi apparatus is a cellular organelle that acts as a sorting and processing center. It receives proteins from the ribosomes and modifies them by adding sugars, lipids, or other molecules. It also sorts the proteins into vesicles, small membrane-bound sacs, and directs them to their final destinations within or outside the cell.
Therefore, ribosomes and the Golgi apparatus interact by collaborating in the process of protein synthesis and sorting, which is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis.
The correct answer is b: Ribosomes synthesize proteins that are sorted and packaged by the Golgi apparatus.
To understand why this is the correct answer, let's break down the roles of ribosomes and the Golgi apparatus in maintaining homeostasis.
Ribosomes are cellular structures responsible for synthesizing proteins. They receive instructions in the form of RNA from the cell's nucleus and use this information to assemble amino acids into functional proteins. These proteins are vital for various cellular processes and play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis.
On the other hand, the Golgi apparatus is a stack of flattened sacs called cisternae that is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids that are synthesized by the cell. It acts as a distribution center, ensuring that proteins are properly processed and transported to their final destinations within the cell or outside of it.
In terms of their interaction to maintain homeostasis, ribosomes and the Golgi apparatus work together in the following way: Ribosomes synthesize proteins and release them into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), an interconnected network of tubes and sacs connected to the nuclear membrane. The ER then modifies these proteins and transports them to the Golgi apparatus.
Once proteins reach the Golgi apparatus, it further modifies them by adding specific carbohydrate chains, lipids, or other molecules to make them functional and suitable for their intended purposes. The Golgi apparatus also sorts the proteins, determining their final destinations within the cell or for secretion outside the cell.
By sorting and packaging these proteins, the Golgi apparatus ensures that they are correctly distributed to the appropriate locations in the cell, where they can perform their specific functions. This precise organization and distribution of proteins contribute significantly to maintaining homeostasis within the cell.
Therefore, the statement that best describes the interaction between ribosomes and the Golgi apparatus in maintaining homeostasis is that ribosomes synthesize proteins that are sorted and packaged by the Golgi apparatus.