The particle theory of matter states that all atoms are moving and that the amount of movement (or kinetic energy) of a substance determines its state of matter. Which of the following below are evidence of the particle theory? Please choose all correct responses.
Group of answer choices
The atoms in a solid are not moving.
Adding heat energy to a substance makes the particles move faster, therefore the temperature rises.
Particles of liquid water move faster than particles of ice.
All matter is made of atoms.
Adding heat energy to a substance makes the particles spread apart and take up more space.
- Adding heat energy to a substance makes the particles move faster, therefore the temperature rises.
- Particles of liquid water move faster than particles of ice.
- All matter is made of atoms.
- Adding heat energy to a substance makes the particles spread apart and take up more space.
All of these statements provide evidence for the particle theory of matter.
The correct responses are:
- Adding heat energy to a substance makes the particles move faster, therefore the temperature rises.
- Particles of liquid water move faster than particles of ice.
- All matter is made of atoms.
- Adding heat energy to a substance makes the particles spread apart and take up more space.
These responses correctly demonstrate evidence of the particle theory of matter. The movement of particles, changes in temperature, and the behavior of matter when heat energy is added support the idea that all atoms are continuously moving and that their movement determines the state of matter.
The evidence of the particle theory can be determined by considering the statements in the question.
The correct responses are:
1. Adding heat energy to a substance makes the particles move faster, therefore the temperature rises.
This is evidence of the particle theory because it indicates that the motion of particles increases with an increase in temperature.
2. Particles of liquid water move faster than particles of ice.
This is evidence of the particle theory because it shows that the kinetic energy of particles in liquid form is higher than in solid form.
3. All matter is made of atoms.
This is evidence of the particle theory because it states a fundamental concept of particle theory, which is that matter is composed of atoms.
The following statement is incorrect:
The atoms in a solid are not moving.
This statement contradicts the particle theory because it states that the particles in a solid are not moving, while particle theory states that all atoms are in constant motion.
The statement below is not evidence of the particle theory:
Adding heat energy to a substance makes the particles spread apart and take up more space.
This statement relates to the concept of thermal expansion, which is different from the particle theory. It explains the increase in volume of a substance when heated, but it does not directly pertain to the movement or kinetic energy of particles.