which phrase defines a sound argument?
a. a sensible and valid statement
b. a loud remark
c. a popular opinion
d. an impractical analysis that is hard to prove
a. a sensible and valid statement
The phrase that defines a sound argument is "a sensible and valid statement."
The correct answer is: a. a sensible and valid statement.
To determine which phrase defines a sound argument, we need to understand what makes an argument sound. A sound argument is one that is both logically valid and has true premises.
To evaluate an argument's soundness, we can use the following steps:
1. Identify the premises: Premises are the reasons or evidence given to support a conclusion in an argument. They provide the basis for the argument.
2. Check the logical validity: A logically valid argument is one in which the conclusion logically follows from the premises. In other words, if the premises are true, the conclusion must also be true. We assess the logical structure of the argument to determine if it is valid.
3. Assess the truth of the premises: True premises are factual statements or widely accepted beliefs. We evaluate each premise to determine whether it is true or if there is evidence to support it.
If an argument passes both the logical validity and truthfulness of the premises, it is considered sound. Option a, "a sensible and valid statement," best describes a sound argument because it encompasses both logical validity and true premises.
Option b, "a loud remark," and option c, "a popular opinion," do not address the logical validity and truthfulness of the premises, which are essential aspects of a sound argument.
Option d, "an impractical analysis that is hard to prove," does not accurately reflect a sound argument. Sound arguments should be practical and have premises that can be supported or proven.