n skin cells, single base pair mutations have been associated with the development of a type of skin cancer. Scientists first noticed this mutation in people who are frequently exposed to ultraviolet radiation from the Sun or tanning beds. This mutation occurs in a gene that codes for a protein which regulates cell division.
Which ,begin emphasis,two,end emphasis, statements describe a causal relationship between this mutation and skin cancer rather than a correlational relationship? Move ,begin emphasis,two,end emphasis, statements that describe a causal relationship between the mutation and skin cancer to the box.
Response area with 1 blank spaces
Blank space 1 empty
1) The mutation in the gene coding for the protein directly leads to unregulated cell division in skin cells.
2) People who frequently undergo exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the Sun or tanning beds have an increased risk of developing skin cancer due to the specific mutation in the gene.
In tomato plants, having yellow fruit and dwarf vines is the recessive condition. Having red fruit and long vines is the dominant condition. A cross was done between two plants that were heterozygous for both traits.
What is the probability the offspring will have yellow fruit and dwarf vines?
Answer options with 5 options
A.
one-fourth
B.
three-fourths
C.
one-sixteenth
D.
two-sixteenths
E.
three-sixteenths
To determine the probability of the offspring having yellow fruit and dwarf vines, we need to consider the Punnett square for the cross between two heterozygous plants.
The possible genotypes for the parents are:
Parent 1: YyDd (red fruit, long vines)
Parent 2: YyDd (red fruit, long vines)
The Punnett square for this cross would look like:
Y y
-------------
D | YD yD
d | Yd yd
From the Punnett square, we can see that out of the 16 possible offspring, only 1 has the genotype for yellow fruit (yy) and dwarf vines (dd). Therefore, the probability of the offspring having yellow fruit and dwarf vines is 1 out of 16.
So, the correct answer is:
C. one-sixteenth
Statement 1: "Scientists have conducted experiments in which they intentionally introduce the mutation into skin cells, and observed the development of skin cancer as a result."
Statement 2: "When the gene with the mutation is artificially turned off in skin cells, the risk of developing skin cancer decreases significantly."
Move Statement 1 and Statement 2 to the box.
To determine statements that describe a causal relationship between the mutation and skin cancer rather than a correlational relationship, we need to consider the principles of causality. A causal relationship implies that the mutation directly causes the development of skin cancer, while a correlational relationship suggests a statistical association between the mutation and the presence of skin cancer without implying a direct cause.
1. Statement 1: The presence of the mutation is necessary for the development of skin cancer.
This statement suggests a causal relationship because it states that the mutation is a prerequisite for the development of skin cancer. Without the mutation, skin cancer would not occur.
2. Statement 2: Introduction of the mutation directly leads to the development of skin cancer.
This statement indicates a cause-and-effect relationship as it implies that the presence of the mutation directly causes skin cancer to occur. It suggests that introducing the mutation into healthy cells would result in the development of skin cancer.
These two statements describe a causal relationship between the mutation and skin cancer.