The U.S. national debt was $2.9617×10^13 in 2021 and $3.98×10^11 in 1971. Find how much the debt increased in the 50-year period.
To find the increase in the national debt over the 50-year period, we need to subtract the initial debt from the final debt.
Final debt in 2021 = $2.9617×10^13
Initial debt in 1971 = $3.98×10^11
Increase in debt = Final debt - Initial debt
= ($2.9617×10^13) - ($3.98×10^11)
To subtract the values, we need to have them in the same exponent form.
Convert the final debt into the same exponent form as the initial debt:
Final debt in 2021 = $2.9617×10^13 = $296.17×10^11
Now we can subtract:
Increase in debt = ($296.17×10^11) - ($3.98×10^11)
To subtract, we subtract the coefficients and keep the same exponent:
Increase in debt = $296.17×10^11 - $3.98×10^11
= $292.19×10^11 or $2.9219×10^13
Therefore, the U.S. national debt increased by $2.9219×10^13 over the 50-year period.
The size of a hydrogen atom is about 1.2×10^−10 m across. The size of an oxygen atom is 0.000000000152 m across. What is the difference between the sizes of these atoms in scientific notation?
To find the difference between the sizes of the atoms, we need to subtract the size of the oxygen atom from the size of the hydrogen atom.
Size of a hydrogen atom = 1.2×10^−10 m
Size of an oxygen atom = 0.000000000152 m
First, let's express the size of the oxygen atom in scientific notation:
0.000000000152 m = 1.52×10^-10 m
Now we can subtract:
Difference in size = Size of hydrogen atom - Size of oxygen atom
= 1.2×10^−10 m - 1.52×10^-10 m
To subtract, we need to have them in the same exponent form:
Difference in size = 1.2×10^−10 m - 1.52×10^-10 m
= (1.2 - 1.52) × 10^-10 m
Performing the subtraction of the coefficients:
Difference in size = (-0.32) × 10^-10 m
Therefore, the difference in size between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms is -0.32×10^-10 m, expressed in scientific notation.
Platelets and red blood cells are components of the blood. A typical platelet and red blood cell have diameters of approximately 2.33×10^−6 m and 0.0000075 m, respectively. Which blood component has a bigger diameter, and approximately by how much?
To determine which blood component has a bigger diameter and the approximate difference, we need to compare the diameters of the platelet and the red blood cell.
Diameter of a platelet = 2.33×10^−6 m
Diameter of a red blood cell = 0.0000075 m
To compare the sizes, we can simply subtract the smaller diameter from the larger diameter:
Difference in diameter = Diameter of red blood cell - Diameter of platelet
= 0.0000075 m - 2.33×10^−6 m
To subtract, we need to express the diameters in the same exponent form. Let's convert the diameter of the red blood cell to scientific notation:
0.0000075 m = 7.5×10^-6 m
Now we can subtract:
Difference in diameter = (7.5×10^-6 m) - (2.33×10^−6 m)
To subtract, we subtract the coefficients:
Difference in diameter = 7.5×10^-6 m - 2.33×10^−6 m
= (7.5 - 2.33) × 10^-6 m
Calculating the subtraction:
Difference in diameter = 5.17 × 10^-6 m
Therefore, the red blood cell has a larger diameter than the platelet, and the difference in diameter is approximately 5.17 × 10^-6 m.
China and India are the most populous countries in the world. China’s population is approximately 1.45×10^9 , while India’s population is approximately 1,400,000,000. How many more people live in China than in India?
To find out how many more people live in China than in India, we need to subtract the population of India from the population of China.
China's population = 1.45×10^9
India's population = 1,400,000,000
Let's express India's population in scientific notation:
India's population = 1,400,000,000 = 1.4×10^9
Now we can subtract:
Number of more people in China = China's population - India's population
= 1.45×10^9 - 1.4×10^9
To subtract, we need to have the populations in the same exponent form:
Number of more people in China = 1.45×10^9 - 1.4×10^9
= (1.45 - 1.4) × 10^9
Performing the subtraction of the coefficients:
Number of more people in China = 0.05 × 10^9
Now we can express this in standard notation:
Number of more people in China = 0.05 × 10^9 = 50,000,000
Therefore, there are 50,000,000 more people living in China than in India.