European exploration was driven by all of the following EXCEPT

wealth and trade

fame and glory

to spread Christianity

fear of African empires

European exploration was driven by all of the following EXCEPT fear of African empires.

European exploration was driven by wealth and trade, fame and glory, and the desire to spread Christianity. However, fear of African empires was not a driving factor in European exploration.

To determine which option is the exception, we need to understand the motivations behind European exploration. European exploration during the Age of Discovery (15th to 17th centuries) was indeed driven by several factors. Let's analyze each option:

1. Wealth and trade: Economic factors played a significant role in driving European exploration. European nations sought new trade routes to access valuable resources, such as spices, silk, and precious metals. They aimed to establish profitable trade networks with other regions.

2. Fame and glory: Many European explorers were seeking personal recognition and reputation by discovering new lands, establishing colonies, and claiming territories on behalf of their nations. Fame and glory were considered highly desirable outcomes of exploration.

3. To spread Christianity: Religious motivation was an essential factor behind European exploration. European powers, particularly Spain and Portugal, sought to spread Christianity to new lands. Missionaries accompanied many exploratory expeditions with the goal of converting indigenous populations to Christianity.

4. Fear of African empires: This option appears to be the exception. Fear of African empires did not act as a significant driving force for European exploration. Instead, Europeans were primarily motivated by economic gains, religious expansion, and personal achievements.

Thus, the exception is "fear of African empires."