When thermal energy is removed from particles, what action occurs?
1. The particles kinetic energy decreases.
2. The particles energy is destroyed.
3. The particles temperature increases.
4. The particles move more quickly.
1. The particles' kinetic energy decreases.
1. The particles' kinetic energy decreases.
To determine which action occurs when thermal energy is removed from particles, we need to understand the relationship between thermal energy and the behavior of particles in a substance.
When thermal energy is removed from particles, it means that the particles are losing energy. The behavior of particles depends on the amount of energy they possess. So, let's analyze each option:
1. The particles' kinetic energy decreases.
This option suggests that the particles' motion slows down. Kinetic energy is associated with the movement of particles, so if thermal energy is removed, it would result in a decrease in their kinetic energy. This is a likely action that occurs when thermal energy is removed from particles.
2. The particles' energy is destroyed.
Energy cannot be destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. So, the idea of the particles' energy being destroyed is not accurate. Energy is always conserved, even when it is transferred or transformed.
3. The particles' temperature increases.
Removing thermal energy from particles would lead to a decrease in their temperature, rather than an increase. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance. When thermal energy is removed, the particles lose energy, causing a decrease in their temperature.
4. The particles move more quickly.
This option contradicts the concept that thermal energy is being removed. If the particles were to move more quickly, it would imply that they are gaining energy, not losing it.
Therefore, the correct action that occurs when thermal energy is removed from particles is that the particles' kinetic energy decreases (option 1).