Predict the relative strength of each of the following groups
OH-,Cl-,No3-,CH3Coo- and NH3
The relative strength of the groups mentioned can be determined by their ability to donate or accept protons (H+ ions).
1. OH- (Hydroxide ion): This group is a strong base and has a high tendency to accept protons, making it a strong nucleophile. Therefore, OH- is the strongest group among the options given.
2. NH3 (Ammonia): Although not as strong as OH-, NH3 is a weaker base with a moderate ability to accept protons. It is considered a weak nucleophile.
3. CH3COO- (Acetate ion): This group is a weak base and has a low tendency to accept protons. It is not a strong nucleophile.
4. Cl- (Chloride ion): Cl- is even weaker as a base than CH3COO- and has a very low tendency to accept protons. It does not act as a nucleophile in most cases.
5. NO3- (Nitrate ion): This group is a stable ion and does not have a significant tendency to accept or donate protons. It is not considered a strong base or nucleophile.
Therefore, the relative strength of the groups from strongest to weakest is:
OH- > NH3 > CH3COO- > Cl- > NO3-
To predict the relative strength of each of the following groups, OH-, Cl-, NO3-, CH3COO-, and NH3, we need to consider the nature of the groups and their ability to donate or accept protons.
1. OH- (Hydroxide ion): Hydroxide ions are strong bases. They can easily accept protons and are classified as strongly basic.
2. Cl- (Chloride ion): Chloride ions are weak bases. They have a negligible ability to accept protons, and therefore are considered weakly basic.
3. NO3- (Nitrate ion): Nitrate ions do not possess a lone pair of electrons, so they cannot accept protons. They are classified as neither acidic nor basic.
4. CH3COO- (Acetate ion): Acetate ions are weak bases. They have a slight ability to accept protons, making them weakly basic.
5. NH3 (Ammonia): Ammonia is a weak base. It has a lone pair of electrons and can accept protons, making it weakly basic.
Therefore, ordering the groups from strongest to weakest basicity, we have:
1. OH- (Strong base)
2. NH3 (Weak base)
3. CH3COO- (Weak base)
4. Cl- (Weak base)
5. NO3- (Neither acidic nor basic)
To predict the relative strength of the following groups: OH-, Cl-, NO3-, CH3COO-, and NH3, we need to consider their acidity/basicity.
Acidity and basicity refer to the ability of a substance to donate or accept protons (H+), respectively. The stronger the acid, the more readily it donates a proton, and the stronger the base, the more readily it accepts a proton.
In this case, OH- and NH3 are bases, while Cl-, NO3-, and CH3COO- are conjugate bases of acids.
To determine the relative strength of these groups, we need to consider a few factors:
1. Size and Electronegativity: Larger atoms and atoms with higher electronegativity tend to have stronger acidity or basicity.
2. Hybridization: The more s-character in the hybrid orbital of an atom, the stronger its acidity or basicity.
Now, let's analyze each group:
1. OH- (Hydroxide ion):
OH- is a strong base due to its ability to readily accept protons. It is formed from the dissociation of water, and water itself is a weak acid (H2O <-> H+ + OH-). The oxygen atom in OH- is highly electronegative, making the hydroxide ion basic. Hence, OH- is the strongest base among the given groups.
2. Cl- (Chloride ion):
Cl- is more stable than OH- because it is formed from the dissociation of hydrochloric acid (HCl <-> H+ + Cl-). However, chloride ion has a weaker ability to accept protons compared to hydroxide ion. Hence, Cl- is weaker than OH- as a base.
3. NO3- (Nitrate ion):
NO3- is the conjugate base of nitric acid (HNO3 <-> H+ + NO3-). While nitric acid is a strong acid, NO3- is a very weak base, as it is stable due to the resonance and delocalization of negative charge in the molecule. Therefore, NO3- is weaker than both OH- and Cl- as a base.
4. CH3COO- (Acetate ion):
CH3COO- is the conjugate base of acetic acid (CH3COOH <-> H+ + CH3COO-). Acetic acid is a weak acid, meaning CH3COO- is a weak base. While it does have resonance, it is still weaker compared to OH-, Cl-, and NO3-. Thus, CH3COO- is the weakest base among the given groups.
5. NH3 (Ammonia):
NH3 is a weak base due to its ability to accept protons. Its nitrogen atom has a lone pair of electrons that can easily bond with a proton. Although NH3 is not as strong of a base as OH-, it is stronger than Cl-, NO3-, and CH3COO-. Therefore, NH3 is a moderately strong base.
In conclusion, the relative strength of the given groups from strongest to weakest as bases is OH- > NH3 > Cl- > NO3- > CH3COO-.