what happened during the second spanish period
The Second Spanish period refers to the time period when Spain regained control of Florida from the British following the Treaty of Paris in 1783 until Florida was transferred to the United States in 1821.
During this period, Spain faced numerous challenges in governing Florida. They struggled to maintain control over the native Seminole Indian tribes, who often clashed with American settlers moving into the region. Spain also faced threats from neighboring European powers, particularly the British and Americans, who were interested in acquiring Florida for themselves.
In order to boost the economy of the territory, Spain encouraged the migration of American settlers and granted land grants to attract settlers to Florida. This led to an increase in American influence in the region.
Spanish rule in Florida was also marked by conflicts with the United States. The border between Florida and the American states was poorly defined, resulting in disputes and tensions. The Spanish government was criticized for its weak control over the region and its inability to prevent American incursions into Spanish territory.
Ultimately, due to domestic and international pressures, Spain agreed to sell Florida to the United States in the Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819. The transfer of Florida from Spain to the United States was completed in 1821, marking the end of the Second Spanish period.
During the second Spanish period, which occurred from 1783 to 1821, several significant events took place. Here are the key developments:
1. Treaty of Paris (1783): At the end of the American Revolutionary War, the Treaty of Paris was signed, resulting in the British recognition of American independence. As a consequence, Florida, previously under British control, was ceded back to Spain.
2. Native American Relations: During this period, Spain sought to maintain alliances and control over Native American territories in Florida. They made efforts to establish peaceful relations, trade, and diplomacy with various tribes, including the Creek and Seminole peoples.
3. Canary Islanders Migration: Starting in 1783, Spanish authorities encouraged immigration from the Canary Islands to Florida. These Canarians established settlements, bringing their expertise in agriculture, particularly in cultivating indigo and sugar cane.
4. Border Disputes: Spain faced territorial disputes with the United States during this period. These disagreements primarily concerned the boundaries of West Florida and the boundary between the United States and Spanish-held Louisiana. Negotiations and diplomatic efforts were ongoing during this time.
5. Exploration and Scientific Expeditions: Spain sponsored several scientific and exploration expeditions during this period to expand geographical knowledge of the region. One of the most prominent explorers was Alejandro Malaspina, who led the Spanish scientific expedition to the Pacific coast.
6. Revolution in Latin America: During the early 19th century, several South American colonies had uprisings and revolutions seeking independence from Spain. These events had a significant impact on Spanish rule not only in South America but also on Spanish-held territories such as Florida.
7. Mexican Revolution (1810-1821): The Mexican War of Independence, led by figures like Miguel Hidalgo and José María Morelos, eventually resulted in the independence of Mexico from Spain in 1821. This event marked the end of the second Spanish period.
Overall, the second Spanish period was marked by efforts to establish control over Florida, maintain relations with Native American tribes, resolve territorial disputes with the United States, expand scientific knowledge through expeditions, and contend with the growing independence movements in Latin America.
During the Second Spanish Period, which took place from 1783 to 1821, some significant events occurred:
1. Treaty of Paris (1783): This treaty ended the American Revolutionary War, with Spain ceding Florida back to Great Britain.
2. Treaty of San Lorenzo (1795): Also known as Pinckney's Treaty, it established friendly trade relations and defined the border between Spanish Florida and the United States.
3. Louisiana Purchase (1803): Spain ceded the Louisiana territory to France, which later sold it to the United States, leading to the expansion of the U.S. westward.
4. American Filibusters: During this period, there were numerous attempts by American adventurers (called "filibusters") to invade Spanish territories, especially in present-day Mexico and Texas.
5. Mexican War of Independence (1810-1821): The war resulted in the independence of Mexico from Spain, ending the Spanish colonial rule in Mexico.
To find more specific information about the Second Spanish Period, you can refer to historical books, academic journals, or reliable websites on Spanish colonial history or the history of the regions affected by this period.