In 3–5 sentences, explain how the shape of planetary orbits affects their orbital velocity. Include the proper law of planetary motion as part of your answer.(4 points)
The shape of planetary orbits affects their orbital velocity because of Kepler's Second Law of Planetary Motion, also known as the law of equal areas. This law states that a line connecting a planet to the sun will sweep out equal areas in equal time intervals. In elliptical orbits, planets move faster when they are closer to the sun (periapsis) and slower when they are farther away (apoapsis). This means that the average orbital velocity of a planet is higher when it is closer to the sun and lower when it is farther away.
The shape of planetary orbits affects their orbital velocity through Kepler's second law of planetary motion, known as the law of equal areas. According to this law, a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals of time, meaning that a planet moves faster when it is closer to the Sun and slower when it is farther away. In other words, planets have higher orbital velocities when they are closer to their star and lower velocities when they are farther away. This is because the shape of an orbit is elliptical, with the star located at one of the foci, causing the distance between the planet and star to vary throughout the orbit.
The shape of planetary orbits affects their orbital velocity through Kepler's second law of planetary motion, which states that as a planet moves closer to the sun in its elliptical orbit, it speeds up due to the conservation of angular momentum. When a planet is closer to the sun, it experiences a stronger gravitational pull, thereby increasing its velocity. As the planet moves further away from the sun, it slows down due to the decrease in gravitational pull. This means that the closer a planet is to the sun, the faster its orbital velocity will be.
