group or period elements in the same row in the periodic table
Period or group elements in the same column in the periodic table
also referred to as a family
Period or group properties of elements gradually changing across this category in a predictable way
period or group elements in this category having similar chemical and physical properties
Period or group elements in the same row in the periodic table are referred to as a period. These elements have similar atomic sizes and chemical properties. The properties of elements gradually change across a period in a predictable way, from left to right.
Period or group elements in the same column in the periodic table are referred to as a group or a family. These elements have similar chemical and physical properties, and their valence electrons are in the same energy level. The properties of elements in the same group are similar because they have similar electronic configurations.
The period or row elements in the same row of the periodic table are called period elements. They have increasing atomic numbers from left to right. Period elements do not necessarily have similar properties, as they vary widely across the row.
On the other hand, group elements are in the same column of the periodic table and are also referred to as a family. Group elements share similar chemical and physical properties due to the same number of valence electrons. As you move down a group, the elements have an increasingly larger number of energy levels.
These properties gradually change across periods in a predictable way, while group elements share similar chemical and physical properties.
In the periodic table, elements are organized into rows called periods and columns called groups or families.
Periods are horizontal rows that represent the number of electron shells an atom of an element possesses. Each subsequent period represents another electron shell being added to the atom's structure as you move down the table. For example, the first period contains only two elements (hydrogen and helium) because their atoms have only one electron shell. The second period contains elements with two electron shells, and so on.
Groups or families, on the other hand, are vertical columns that share similar chemical and physical properties. Elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in their outermost energy level, also known as the valence electrons. These electrons play a significant role in determining an element's reactivity and chemical properties. For instance, elements in Group 1, also known as the alkali metals, all have a single valence electron and are highly reactive.
The periodic table's layout helps us predict the general properties of elements based on their position. Moving from left to right across a period, elements generally become less metallic and more nonmetallic in character. This trend is due to the increasing number of valence electrons and the change in atomic size. Moving down a group, elements have similar outer electron configurations and exhibit similar properties since they have the same number of valence electrons.
By identifying an element's position in the periodic table, you can determine which period and group it belongs to and make predictions about its properties based on the behavior of elements in that category.