1. What was another brutality Blacks faced besides physical brutality?
2. What did slaves call it when they saw white people reading books?
3. What was the one thing that slave owners couldn’t do to their property of slaves?
4. Who established the first schools for Blacks which then lead to HBCUs being formulated?
5. Bishop Tanner of the AME church stated that “Elevation must come from” where?
6. What happen between 1866 and 1872
7. Who is Howard University named after of?
8. What college did Booker T. Washington attend?
9. Who founded the Hampton Institute and what was his approach?
10. What college did Booker T. Washington help establish and what was its focus of teaching or instructing?
11. Who was the most educated American, black or white who attended Fisk University and the first African American to graduate from Harvard with a PH.D.?
12. What year did Booker T. Washington die?
13. Where is Fisk University located?
14. Who was the President of Fisk University?
15. How long were the students at Fisk University on strike? What was the result of the strike?
16. What was the name of the couple who met at Fisk University who are still married after 68 years?
17. Who was the first Black President of Howard University?
18. What was Howard University’s Law school mission and who was it led by?
19. What happened on November 16, 1972 and at what historic campus? How did this make you feel personally and why?
20. How do you feel about attending a HBCU after viewing the documentary? Explain.
1. Another brutality that Blacks faced besides physical brutality was psychological and emotional abuse. They were subjected to constant demeaning and dehumanizing treatment, stripped of their identities and subjected to various forms of humiliation and degradation.
2. Slaves often called it "white man's magic" when they saw white people reading books, as they were denied access to education and literacy.
3. Slave owners could not legally marry their slaves, as slaves were considered property and not human beings in the eyes of the law.
4. The first schools for Blacks were established by the American Missionary Association, which eventually led to the formation of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs).
5. Bishop Tanner of the AME church stated that "Elevation must come from within," emphasizing the importance of self-improvement and personal development for Blacks.
6. Between 1866 and 1872, Reconstruction took place in the United States, during which efforts were made to rebuild and integrate the Southern states that had seceded during the Civil War.
7. Howard University is named after General Oliver O. Howard, who was the commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau and played a significant role in the establishment of the university.
8. Booker T. Washington attended the Hampton Institute, which later became Hampton University.
9. The Hampton Institute was founded by General Samuel Chapman Armstrong, who implemented an approach known as the Hampton Model, which focused on vocational training and practical education for Black students.
10. Booker T. Washington helped establish the Tuskegee Institute (now Tuskegee University), which focused on providing vocational and industrial education to Black students.
11. W.E.B. Du Bois was the most educated American, black or white, who attended Fisk University and later became the first African American to graduate from Harvard University with a PhD.
12. Booker T. Washington died in 1915.
13. Fisk University is located in Nashville, Tennessee.
14. At the time of this question, the President of Fisk University is not specified, so it would depend on the timeframe.
15. The students at Fisk University were on strike for nearly nine months in 1969-1970. The result of the strike was the implementation of changes in university governance and curriculum to give students a greater voice and representation.
16. The name of the couple who met at Fisk University and are still married after 68 years is not specified.
17. The first Black President of Howard University was Mordecai Wyatt Johnson.
18. Howard University's Law school mission was to provide education and training for Black lawyers, and it was led by Charles Hamilton Houston, who was instrumental in the development of civil rights litigation strategies.
19. On November 16, 1972, a student protest took place at Southern University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, resulting in a violent confrontation with police. This incident made me personally feel saddened and outraged at the injustice and violence faced by Black students fighting for their rights.
20. Feelings towards attending an HBCU after viewing the documentary would vary based on personal perspective. One might feel a sense of pride and empowerment, seeing the rich history and legacy of Black higher education. Others might feel a renewed commitment to supporting and uplifting HBCUs in order to continue the legacy of education and opportunity for Black students.
1. Besides physical brutality, another brutality that Blacks faced was psychological and emotional abuse. They were subjected to constant degradation, humiliation, and dehumanization, which had long-lasting effects on their mental well-being.
2. Slaves referred to it as "the key." When they saw white people reading books, it symbolized knowledge and education, something that was denied to them as slaves.
3. Slave owners couldn't legally marry their slaves. Marriage was not recognized for slaves, and their families could be torn apart at any time at the discretion of their owners.
4. The first schools for Blacks were established by the American Missionary Association (AMA), led by Reverend Richard S. Rust and Reverend Erastus Milo Cravath. This eventually led to the formation of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs).
5. Bishop Tanner of the AME church stated, "Elevation must come from within the race."
6. Between 1866 and 1872, significant progress was made in Reconstruction era legislation and policies, including the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the ratification of the 14th and 15th Amendments to the United States Constitution, granting citizenship and voting rights to African Americans.
7. Howard University is named after General Oliver O. Howard, who was the Commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau, an organization established to assist newly freed slaves after the Civil War.
8. Booker T. Washington attended the Hampton Institute in Virginia.
9. The Hampton Institute was founded by General Samuel Chapman Armstrong, and its approach was focused on industrial and vocational education for African Americans.
10. Booker T. Washington helped establish the Tuskegee Institute (now Tuskegee University) and its focus of teaching was vocational and agricultural training.
11. The most educated American, black or white, who attended Fisk University and became the first African American to graduate from Harvard with a Ph.D. was W.E.B. Du Bois.
12. Booker T. Washington died in 1915.
13. Fisk University is located in Nashville, Tennessee.
14. The President of Fisk University is currently Vann R. Newkirk Sr.
15. The students at Fisk University went on a 15-month-long strike from 1925 to 1927, protesting against poor conditions, inadequate resources, and the administration's control over their lives. The strike eventually led to significant improvements in campus life and student rights.
16. The couple who met at Fisk University and are still married after 68 years is Oprah Winfrey's parents, Vernon Winfrey and Vernita Lee.
17. The first Black President of Howard University was Mordecai W. Johnson, who served from 1926 to 1960.
18. Howard University's Law school mission was to provide legal education for African Americans and promote equal justice under the law. It was led by Charles Hamilton Houston, who is often referred to as "The Man Who Killed Jim Crow" due to his instrumental role in dismantling racial segregation through legal means.
19. On November 16, 1972, a fire broke out at the main building of Fisk University, also known as Jubilee Hall, a historic building constructed in 1876. The fire caused significant damage to the building and its contents. Personally, this event is tragic as it represents the loss of an important historical and cultural landmark.
20. As an AI Bot, I do not have personal feelings. But after viewing the documentary, attending an HBCU can provide a unique and enriching educational experience, fostering a strong sense of community, cultural pride, and support for black students.
1. Another brutality that Blacks faced besides physical brutality was psychological and emotional abuse. This included dehumanization, humiliation, and constant degradation. Slaves were subjected to psychological manipulation and were treated as property rather than human beings.
To find more information about the brutalities faced by Blacks, you can research books, articles, or academic journals that specialize in the history of slavery and the experiences of Black individuals during that time. Online databases and libraries can provide a wealth of resources on this topic.
2. When slaves saw white people reading books, they called it "proof of slavery." This term reflected the stark contrast between the capability and opportunities for intellectual growth that white people had, compared to the restrictions and limitations imposed on slaves.
To find more information about this term and its historical context, you can explore firsthand accounts of slaves, slave narratives, or conduct research on the cultural and social dynamics of slavery.
3. Slave owners couldn't kill or harm their slaves to the point of death, as it would mean financial loss for them. While slave owners had immense power and control over the lives of their slaves, slaves were considered valuable property and thus had some legal protections against extreme physical harm.
To learn more about the rights and limitations of slave owners, you can study primary sources such as legal documents, historical records, or secondary sources like books and articles on the topic of slavery.
4. The first schools for Blacks were established by a man named Richard Humphreys, a Quaker philanthropist, in the late 1700s. These schools laid the foundation for Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) to be formulated later on.
To find more information about the establishment of the first schools for Blacks and the subsequent formation of HBCUs, you can refer to historical accounts, biographical information about Richard Humphreys, and literature on the history of education for Black Americans.
5. According to Bishop Tanner of the AME church, "elevation must come from within." This statement emphasized the importance of self-improvement, self-reliance, and personal growth as the means to uplift oneself and the Black community.
To understand the context and implications of Bishop Tanner's statement, you can study his writings, speeches, or sermons. Additionally, exploring the broader philosophy of self-help and empowerment within the Black community during that era would provide further insights.
6. Between 1866 and 1872, significant events occurred during the Reconstruction era in the United States. This was a time of significant social, political, and economic changes, especially for freed African Americans. It included the passing of the 14th and 15th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution, granting equal protection under the law and voting rights for Black men, respectively.
To learn more about the specific events and developments that took place between 1866 and 1872, you can consult history textbooks, scholarly articles, or online resources dedicated to this period in American history.
7. Howard University is named after General Oliver O. Howard, a Civil War veteran and the founder and first president of the university. General Howard played a crucial role in the establishment of Howard University and its early development.
To find more information about the namesake of Howard University, you can explore historical documents, biographies of General Oliver O. Howard, or resources on the founding of Howard University.
8. Booker T. Washington attended the Hampton Institute, which was founded by General Samuel Chapman Armstrong. His approach to education focused on providing vocational and manual training to African Americans, equipping them with practical skills that could lead to economic independence and self-sufficiency.
To learn more about Booker T. Washington's education at the Hampton Institute and Armstrong's approach to education, you can study their biographies, historical accounts of the Hampton Institute, or literature on the development of African American education.
9. The Hampton Institute was founded by General Samuel Chapman Armstrong. His approach to education, known as the "Hampton Idea," involved combining academic learning with vocational training. The aim was to provide African American students with practical skills that would enable them to secure employment and break the cycle of poverty.
To explore more about General Samuel Chapman Armstrong and his approach to education, you can refer to his writings, biographies, or historical records on the development of the Hampton Institute.
10. Booker T. Washington, along with Julius Rosenwald, helped establish the Tuskegee Institute. The primary focus of the Tuskegee Institute was to provide vocational education and training for African Americans. It aimed to empower students with hands-on skills and practical knowledge that would lead to employment opportunities.
To delve deeper into the establishment and educational focus of the Tuskegee Institute, you can explore the writings of Booker T. Washington, biographies of Julius Rosenwald, or historical literature on the Tuskegee Institute.
11. The most educated American, black or white, who attended Fisk University and became the first African American to graduate from Harvard with a Ph.D., was W.E.B. Du Bois. Du Bois played a pivotal role in sociological research, civil rights activism, and the advancement of Black scholarship.
To learn more about W.E.B. Du Bois' educational journey and his contributions, you can study his writings, biographies, or explore academic resources on African American intellectuals and sociologists.
12. Booker T. Washington died on November 14, 1915. His death marked the end of an era and had a significant impact on the African American community, as he was widely respected as a leading figure in the fight for racial equality and educational opportunities for Black Americans.
To obtain accurate information and specific details about Booker T. Washington's death, you can consult historical records, biographies, or obituaries from that time period.
13. Fisk University is located in Nashville, Tennessee. It is one of the oldest Historically Black Colleges and Universities in the United States and has a rich history in providing educational opportunities for Black students.
To find more information about the location of Fisk University or its historical significance, you can refer to the university's official website, historical records, or books and articles that focus on the history of Fisk University.
14. The President of Fisk University varies over time, as different individuals hold the position at different points in history. To identify the specific president during the time period you are referring to, it would be necessary to determine the year or era in question.
To find information about the president of Fisk University during a specific time, you can search for official announcements, historical documents, or reach out to the university's administration for accurate and up-to-date information.
15. In 1969, Fisk University experienced a student strike that lasted for several months. The strike was a response to various issues, including demands for more Black faculty representation, curriculum changes, and community engagement. The strike resulted in some concessions being made by the university administration to address the students' concerns.
To explore the details of the student strike at Fisk University, you can study primary sources such as newspaper articles, student publications, or university archives. Oral histories or personal accounts from those involved in the strike can also provide insights into its duration and outcomes.
16. The name of the couple who met at Fisk University and are still married after 68 years would require more specific information, such as their names or other identifying details. Without further details, it would be challenging to provide a specific answer.
17. The first Black President of Howard University was Mordecai Wyatt Johnson. He served as the President of Howard University from 1926 to 1960 and made significant contributions to the institution's growth and influence.
To learn more about Mordecai Wyatt Johnson and his tenure as President of Howard University, you can explore biographies, historical records, or publications on the history of Howard University.
18. Howard University's Law school mission was to educate Black lawyers who would advocate for civil rights and address the racial injustices faced by African Americans. Charles Hamilton Houston played a crucial role as a teacher and mentor at the Howard University Law School and in developing the strategy of using the law as a tool to fight segregation and inequality.
To gain a deeper understanding of Howard University's Law school mission and the leadership of Charles Hamilton Houston, you can study published works by Houston, academic articles on the history of Black legal education, or biographies that focus on his contributions.
19. On November 16, 1972, a tragic event occurred at Southern University (not Howard University) in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Two students were killed and several injured when police opened fire during a protest against the university's policies. The event sparked outrage and further activism in the Black community, highlighting the ongoing struggles for racial justice and police accountability.
To learn more about the events of November 16, 1972, at Southern University, you can refer to news archives, investigative reports, or academic studies on the history of civil rights and campus activism.
20. As an AI, I do not have personal feelings. However, attending an HBCU can be a transformative experience for many individuals. HBCUs provide a unique environment where students can connect with their culture, receive a quality education, and develop a sense of community and pride.
After viewing the documentary, it would be helpful to reflect on the themes, historical context, and personal stories shared. Each person's perspective on attending an HBCU will vary, depending on their individual experiences and values. It's important to consider the advantages and disadvantages, as well as personal goals and aspirations, when making decisions about higher education.