3.
a) Give the name and chemical formula of the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon.
b) Give the name and chemical formula for two more aromatic hydrocarbons derived from question 3a.
c) Research and state four uses for aromatic hydrocarbons.
a) The simplest aromatic hydrocarbon is benzene, with a chemical formula of C6H6.
b) Two more aromatic hydrocarbons derived from benzene are toluene (C7H8) and xylene (C8H10).
c) Four uses for aromatic hydrocarbons are:
1) Aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene are used as starting materials in the synthesis of various chemicals, including plastics, dyes, detergents, pharmaceuticals, and explosives.
2) They are used as solvents in paints, coatings, and cleaning products.
3) Aromatic hydrocarbons like toluene and xylene are commonly used as fuel additives in gasoline to improve the octane rating.
4) Aromatic hydrocarbons are used as intermediates in the production of synthetic fibers, such as nylon and polyester, as well as rubber and adhesives.
a) The simplest aromatic hydrocarbon is benzene. Its chemical formula is C6H6.
b) Two more aromatic hydrocarbons derived from benzene are:
- Toluene: Its chemical formula is C7H8.
- Xylene: Its chemical formula is C8H10.
c) Four uses for aromatic hydrocarbons are:
1. Production of various chemicals: Aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene are used as precursors or intermediates in the production of a wide range of chemicals, including plastics, paints, dyes, and pharmaceuticals.
2. Fuel blending: Certain aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene and toluene, can be blended into gasoline to increase its octane rating.
3. Solvents: Aromatic hydrocarbons like toluene and xylene are commonly used as solvents in many industries, including pharmaceutical, paint, and adhesive manufacturing.
4. Perfumes and fragrances: Certain aromatic hydrocarbons have pleasant odors and are used in the production of perfumes, fragrances, and colognes.
a) The simplest aromatic hydrocarbon is benzene. Its chemical formula is C6H6.
To determine the name and chemical formula of the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon, one can follow these steps:
1. Identify the compound as an aromatic hydrocarbon based on its structure. Aromatic hydrocarbons are compounds that contain a benzene ring or a similar structure with alternating double bonds.
2. Count the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon. In the case of benzene, there are six carbon atoms.
3. Determine the number of hydrogen atoms present. Since benzene has a formula of C6H6 and hydrogen atoms usually bond with carbon atoms in a 1:1 ratio, there are also six hydrogen atoms.
b) Two more aromatic hydrocarbons derived from benzene are toluene and phenol.
Toluene, also known as methylbenzene, has a chemical formula of C7H8, where an additional methyl group (-CH3) is attached to the benzene ring.
Phenol, also known as hydroxybenzene, has a chemical formula of C6H6O, where a hydroxyl group (-OH) is attached to the benzene ring.
To derive these aromatic hydrocarbons from benzene, functional groups are added to the benzene ring by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with the desired substituents.
c) Some uses for aromatic hydrocarbons include:
1. Production of plastics and materials: Aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, and styrene are used as raw materials in the production of plastics, synthetic fibers, and rubber.
2. Solvents: Aromatic hydrocarbons like benzene and toluene are commonly used as solvents in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, paints, and coatings.
3. Fuel additives: Aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene are used as fuel additives to increase the octane rating and improve overall performance in gasoline.
4. Pharmaceuticals: Aromatic hydrocarbons, particularly those with functional groups, are utilized in the production of various medications, including analgesics, antibiotics, and anti-inflammatory drugs.
To find additional uses for aromatic hydrocarbons, one can conduct further research using reliable sources such as scientific publications, industry reports, and reputable websites.