A student is calculating the gravitational force between the Earth and the sun. She knows that mass of the Earth is 5.972 x 1024
kg, the mass of the sun is 1.989 x 1030
kg, and the distance between the Earth and the sun is 1.496 x 1012
meters. What piece of information is she missing to be able to find the gravitational force?(1 point)
Responses
the direction of the force between the Earth and the sun
the direction of the force between the Earth and the sun
how much heavier the sun is compared to the Earth
how much heavier the sun is compared to the Earth
how long it takes for the Earth to revolve around the sun
how long it takes for the Earth to revolve around the sun
the gravitational constant, G
the gravitational constant, cap g
The missing piece of information is the gravitational constant, G.
Which of the eight planets in the solar system has the most elliptical orbit?(1 point)
Responses
Mars
Mars
Earth
Earth
Mercury
Mercury
Venus
Mercury
Why was the Copernican model a controversial proposition? Select the three correct answers.(2 points)
Responses
It was not supported by observations.
It was not supported by observations.
It demoted Earth to just another planet.
It demoted Earth to just another planet.
It was a complex model.
It was a complex model.
It contradicted established scientific understanding.
It contradicted established scientific understanding.
It was mostly incorrect.
It was mostly incorrect.
It contradicted religious doctrine of the time.
It contradicted religious doctrine of the time.
The three correct answers are:
- It demoted Earth to just another planet.
- It contradicted established scientific understanding.
- It contradicted religious doctrine of the time.
Which of the following statements about the unit of measurement called the Newton is true? Select the two correct answers.(1 point)
Responses
An object with a mass of 1 kilogram has a gravitational attraction to Earth of about 9.8 Newtons.
An object with a mass of 1 kilogram has a gravitational attraction to Earth of about 9.8 Newtons.
The Newton is used to measure mass of objects.
The Newton is used to measure mass of objects.
The Newton is used to measure gravitational force.
The Newton is used to measure gravitational force.
As an object's distance from Earth increases, its Newtons increase.
The two correct statements are:
- The Newton is used to measure gravitational force.
- An object with a mass of 1 kilogram has a gravitational attraction to Earth of about 9.8 Newtons.
The gravitational force acting between the Earth and a 1500-kg car is approximately 14,000 Newtons. What would be the gravitational force acting between the Earth and a 3000-kg hippopotamus?(1 point)
Responses
28,000 Newtons
28,000 Newtons
7,000 Newtons
7,000 Newtons
56,000 Newtons
56,000 Newtons
14,000 Newtons
14,000 Newtons
Since the gravitational force is directly proportional to the mass of an object, and the mass of the hippopotamus is twice that of the car, the gravitational force acting between the Earth and the hippopotamus would be twice that of the car. Therefore, the gravitational force acting between the Earth and a 3000-kg hippopotamus would be 28,000 Newtons.
Why does the speed of a planet decrease as it moves away from the sun?(1 point)
Responses
The direction of the sun’s pull relative to the planet’s motion changes.
The direction of the sun’s pull relative to the planet’s motion changes.
The planet’s inertia begins to point inward toward the sun.
The planet’s inertia begins to point inward toward the sun.
The planet’s inertia begins to point backward along its orbit.
The planet’s inertia begins to point backward along its orbit.
The sun’s gravitational pull on the sun decreases.