1 About 200 years ago the Cherokee Indians were one tribe, or "Indian Nation" that lived in the southeast part of what is now the United States. During the 1830's and 1840's, the period covered by the Indian Removal Act, (1) many Cherokees were moved west to a territory that is now the State of Oklahoma. A number remained in the southeast and gathered in North Carolina where they purchased land and continued to live. (2) Others went into the Appalachian Mountains to escape being moved west and many of their descendants may still live there now.
Which sentence BEST states the main idea of the first paragraph?
Responses
A The United States Congress decided to destroy the Cherokee.The United States Congress decided to destroy the Cherokee.
B The Cherokee left their original homeland and moved to various parts of the US.The Cherokee left their original homeland and moved to various parts of the US.
C The U.S. Army was in charge of seeing that the removal of Cherokees was properly carried out.The U.S. Army was in charge of seeing that the removal of Cherokees was properly carried out.
D Cherokee Indians have spiritual traditions that date back to before the 1600’s; among these is the belief that land belongs to no one.
B The Cherokee left their original homeland and moved to various parts of the US.
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Feature
The Mystery of Hiccups
Rebecca Sparling
1Hiccups are an annoying little fact of life. While the strange condition often lasts for only a few moments, some people suffer from hiccups for much longer. Iowa farmer Charles Osborne had the hiccups for sixty-eight years. Other than the hiccups, Osborne lived a relatively healthy life. Doctors couldn’t find any reason for Osborne’s hiccups. His case remains a medical mystery. Luckily, most cases of hiccups resolve themselves in a matter of minutes.
2Hiccups are an interruption of your breathing pattern. When you breathe normally, you take in air through your nose or mouth. The air passes through the throat on its way to your lungs. Of course, food also passes through the throat as it travels to the stomach. Your epiglottis keeps food and air going in the right directions. This tiny valve opens your airway wide when you breathe in and closes when you eat.
3A dome-shaped muscle called the diaphragm assists in the breathing process. The diaphragm sits between the chest and the stomach. When you breathe in, the diaphragm pulls down to help open your airway. The muscle pushes up when you breathe out. Sometimes, the diaphragm will shudder, causing you to take a short, quick breath. The closing epiglottis interrupts the breath and a hiccup escapes your mouth.
4Your diaphragm might shudder for several different reasons. Swallowing too much food or too much air is the main cause of hiccups. Eating spicy foods or drinking fizzy sodas can also upset the diaphragm. Scientists have found that rapid changes in temperature in or outside the body might contribute to hiccups. This is why you might find your breathing interrupted after taking a sip of hot cocoa on a chilly day. Shock, excitement, and anxiety can also cause an attack of the hiccups.
5Because hiccups are uncomfortable, most people want to get rid of them as soon as possible. Many people have their own special treatments for the hiccups. Some people believe that a spoonful of sugar is the best solution to a severe case of hiccups. Others hold their breath to interrupt their breathing patterns, allowing their diaphragms time to calm down. Other tricks include drinking a large glass of water, breathing into a paper bag, and drinking a cup of tea. Sometimes people try to scare the hiccups away. These people think a sudden surprise will cause their diaphragms to start working properly again. Whatever method you choose, remember that hiccups usually stop all by themselves. If you take a few deep breaths, your hiccups should go away in no time.
Question
What is the main idea of this passage?
Responses
A why hiccups happenwhy hiccups happen
B why hiccups are annoyingwhy hiccups are annoying
C how to get rid of hiccupshow to get rid of hiccups
D who had the longest case of hiccups
C how to get rid of hiccups
Principle: a primary truth, assumption, law or belief.
Read the definition of the word "principle." Then choose the sentence that uses it correctly.
Responses
A The principle at my school is going to retire this year.The principle at my school is going to retire this year.
B The principles of democracy are articulated in the Constitution.The principles of democracy are articulated in the Constitution.
C My father always tells me that I shouldn't spend the principle, only the interest.My father always tells me that I shouldn't spend the principle, only the interest.
D If you have questions about dress code, the assistant principle is the person to see.If you have questions about dress code, the assistant principle is the person to see.
B The principles of democracy are articulated in the Constitution.
Jargon includes short expressions commonly used by particular groups, professions, or trades. Determine which category MOST CLOSELY claims the expression.
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