And North Africa over Grace and has contributed to which environmental challenge
The statement is incomplete and not clear. It appears to be referring to an action or event in North Africa that has caused or contributed to an environmental challenge. However, without additional information, it is not possible to determine the specific environmental challenge being referred to.
It seems like there is some missing context in your question. However, if you are referring to the environmental challenge caused by human activities in North Africa, one significant issue is desertification.
Desertification is a process where fertile land in arid or semi-arid regions becomes increasingly arid and unproductive. It is primarily caused by a combination of human activities such as overgrazing, deforestation, and improper agricultural practices. These activities disrupt the natural ecosystem and lead to the degradation of soil, loss of vegetation cover, and decreased water availability.
If you were referring to a specific event or occurrence involving Grace in North Africa, please provide more details so that I can better assist you.