Describe the political philosophy of the Egyptian government through all three major dynastic periods.(1 point)
a capitalism
b absolute monarchy
c feminist system
d monotheism
b absolute monarchy
Throughout the three major dynastic periods of ancient Egypt, the political philosophy can be best described as an absolute monarchy with elements of theocratic rule. Here's a breakdown of the political systems during each period:
1. Old Kingdom (2686-2181 BCE): The political philosophy during this period was characterized by an absolute monarchy. The ruler, commonly referred to as the Pharaoh, held supreme authority and was considered a divine being. The Pharaoh's power was centralized, and they governed with the assistance of a bureaucracy and regional governors. The society was hierarchical, emphasizing the Pharaoh's role as the center of political, religious, and administrative power.
2. Middle Kingdom (2055-1650 BCE): During the Middle Kingdom, the political philosophy remained an absolute monarchy with a stronger focus on the well-being of the people. The Pharaoh acted as a shepherd to their subjects, responsible for maintaining Ma'at (the concept of order and justice). This period saw the development of a more elaborate bureaucracy and the promotion of public works projects aimed at improving the lives of the people. Pharaohs sought to establish a more equitable relationship with their subjects, showcasing a sense of paternalistic rule.
3. New Kingdom (1550-1070 BCE): The political philosophy of the New Kingdom can be seen as an extension of the previous periods, with an absolute monarchy at its core. However, during this period, there was an increased emphasis on the Pharaoh's divine role. Pharaohs were believed to be direct descendants of the gods, particularly the god Amun, which strengthened their authority. The Pharaohs held absolute power, making decisions regarding both religious and secular matters. They maintained control through an extensive bureaucracy and military, ensuring stability and expanding Egypt's influence through military campaigns.
It is important to note that none of the three major dynastic periods in ancient Egypt can be characterized by capitalism, a feminist system, or monotheism. Capitalism, as an economic and political philosophy, did not exist in ancient Egypt. Similarly, the concept of feminism or a gender-equitable system was not prevalent in the political structures of ancient Egypt. Finally, while Egypt did undergo religious changes, shifting from polytheism to monotheism was not a characteristic of the political philosophy during these dynastic periods.