A polymer called polycarbonate is used to make lenses for safety goggles. Scientists use safety goggles to protect their eyes from exposure to dangerous materials in the lab. Safety goggles are hard and resistant to chemicals. Which microscopic properties likely make up polycarbonate?
metal layers surrounded by an electron cloud
metal layers surrounded by an electron cloud
crystals with atoms held together by ionic bonds
crystals with atoms held together by ionic bonds
long carbon chains cross-linked by covalent bonds
long carbon chains cross-linked by covalent bonds
large covalently bonded molecules cross-linked by hydrogen bonds
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long carbon chains cross-linked by covalent bonds
explain why your correct
Polycarbonate is a type of polymer, which means that it is made up of repeating units of small molecules called monomers. In the case of polycarbonate, the monomers are derived from carbon compounds called diols and phosgene.
In polycarbonate, the monomers contain long carbon chains that are linked together through covalent bonds. Covalent bonds are strong chemical bonds that occur when atoms share electrons. This bond formation creates a strong and stable network of interconnected carbon chains, giving polycarbonate its hardness and resistance to chemicals.
The covalent bonds between the carbon chains make the polycarbonate structure highly durable and resistant to breakage. Additionally, these bonds give polycarbonate its high melting point and the ability to maintain its shape and structure even under high temperatures.
Therefore, the microscopic properties that make up polycarbonate are long carbon chains cross-linked by covalent bonds.
Which describes a material that can conduct electricity? (1 point)
Responses
metal atoms covalently bonded to other metal atoms
metal atoms covalently bonded to other metal atoms
metal ions attracted to free-flowing electrons
metal ions attracted to free-flowing electrons
metal ions with positive charges attracted to each other
metal ions with positive charges attracted to each other
metal atoms and non-metal atoms with ionic bonds
metal ions attracted to free-flowing electrons
explain why ur right
A material that can conduct electricity typically has mobile or free-flowing charged particles that are responsible for the electrical conductivity. In the case of metals, these charged particles are electrons.
In metals, the atoms are arranged in a lattice structure, and the outermost electrons of the metal atoms are loosely held and can move freely throughout the lattice. This results in a phenomenon called metallic bonding, where the metal atoms essentially share their valence electrons in a "sea" of electrons.
The mobile or free-flowing electrons in metals are attracted to positively charged metal ions within the lattice. When a voltage is applied to a metal, these electrons can easily move in response to the electric field, creating an electric current.
On the other hand, materials with covalent bonds, such as non-metals, typically have a complete sharing of electrons between atoms, resulting in the formation of stable molecules or compounds. These materials do not usually have free-flowing charged particles that can conduct electricity.
Similarly, materials with ionic bonds, which involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, tend to have positive and negative ions held together by strong electrostatic forces. While these materials can conduct electricity when in a molten or dissolved state, in their solid form, the ions are typically held in fixed positions and are unable to move freely to conduct electricity.
Therefore, the correct option is "metal ions attracted to free-flowing electrons," as metals typically have free-flowing electrons that can conduct electricity due to their ability to move within the metal lattice.
Why does adding elements such as carbon to flexible metals make the material stronger? (1 point)
Responses
The added atoms can form covalent bonds with each other, which prevents the metal atoms from sliding back and forth easily.
The added atoms can form covalent bonds with each other, which prevents the metal atoms from sliding back and forth easily.
The added atoms can form ionic bonds with the metal atoms, which allows the metal atoms to slide back and forth easily.
The added atoms can form ionic bonds with the metal atoms, which allows the metal atoms to slide back and forth easily.
The added atoms can form ionic bonds with each other, which allows the metal atoms to slide back and forth easily.
The added atoms can form ionic bonds with each other, which allows the metal atoms to slide back and forth easily.
The added atoms can form covalent bonds with the metal atoms, which prevents the metal atoms from sliding back and forth easily.
AND EXPLAIN WHY YOUR RIGHT
The correct answer is: The added atoms can form covalent bonds with each other, which prevents the metal atoms from sliding back and forth easily.
When elements such as carbon are added to flexible metals, they can form covalent bonds with each other. Covalent bonds occur when two atoms share electrons. This bond formation creates a strong network of interconnected atoms, preventing the metal atoms from sliding or moving easily.
In a pure metal, the atoms are arranged in a regular and orderly fashion, and they are not strongly bonded to each other. This allows the metal to be flexible and easily deformed. However, when other elements, such as carbon, are added, they disrupt the regular arrangement of the metal atoms and introduce covalent bonding between the added atoms.
The formation of covalent bonds between the added atoms creates stiff interconnections within the metal structure, making it more rigid and resistant to deformation. This results in the material becoming stronger and less flexible, as the added covalent bonds inhibit the movement of metal atoms.
The strength of the material is further increased when the covalent bonds between the added atoms interact with the metallic bonding between the metal atoms. This interaction reinforces the overall structure and enhances the strength and hardness of the material.
Therefore, the addition of elements such as carbon to flexible metals makes the material stronger because the added atoms form covalent bonds with each other, preventing the metal atoms from sliding back and forth easily.