Which was the independent variable (what is different between experimental and control group)?

The air gun/rock group

The measured force

The object tested

The independent variable in this scenario is the object tested. This is what is different between the experimental and control group. The air gun/rock group and the measured force are not the independent variables in this context.

In order to determine the independent variable, we need to know more details about the experiment you are referring to. Can you please provide more context or information about the study you are referring to?