The Movement of Molecules
¿usion of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide:
Directions: Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide passively diffuse between the capillaries and air sacs in your lungs. Remember, molecules always move with the concentration gradient during passive transport (in this case diffusion)- from high concentration to low concentration. Predict which direction each molecule will travel in the:
[CO. Wil
Environment
1. 2 02
14 COz
2. 13 02
6 CO,
3. 2 02
10 CO,
Cell
13 02
6 COz
202
14 COz
8 02
10 COz
O, Wil
Sugar Molecules and the Diffusion of Water (Osmosis)
'The solute sugar cannot passively diffuse through the plasma membrane. In this case, only the water will travel through the membrane. This type of diffusion is called osmosis. Water will always move with the concentration gradient during passive transport- from high concentration to low concentration. Prediot which direction the water will travel in the following situations:
Describe the Solution in the
Water Will
1 Cell
Davironment
Enviroument (hypo or hypertonic)
4. 2 sugar
14 water
5.
8 sugar
6 water
6. 5 sugar
8 sugar
6 water
2 sugar
14 water
2 sugar
10 water
4 water
7. The diffusion of water across a membrane is called
8.
to pass?
What property of the plasma membrane prevents sugar from passing freely, but allows weter, 02 ,COz
9. What would happen to the cells of a freshwater fish placed in saltwater?
10. How would a pleat cell and an animal cell respond differently when placed in a hypotonic solution?
Explain.
1. In the environment, oxygen will travel from high concentration to low concentration (out of the cell), while carbon dioxide will travel from low concentration to high concentration (into the cell).
2. In the environment, oxygen will travel from high concentration to low concentration (into the cell), while carbon dioxide will travel from low concentration to high concentration (out of the cell).
3. In the environment, oxygen will travel from high concentration to low concentration (into the cell), while carbon dioxide will travel from low concentration to high concentration (out of the cell).
4. In a hypertonic environment (higher solute concentration outside the cell), water will travel from high concentration to low concentration (out of the cell).
5. In a hypotonic environment (lower solute concentration outside the cell), water will travel from high concentration to low concentration (into the cell).
6. In a hypotonic environment, water will travel from high concentration to low concentration (into the cell).
7. Osmosis.
8. The plasma membrane's property of selective permeability prevents sugar from passing freely because the sugar molecules are too large to diffuse through the membrane, but smaller molecules like water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide can pass through.
9. The cells of a freshwater fish placed in saltwater would lose water through osmosis because the saltwater has a higher solute concentration. This can lead to dehydration and potential cell death.
10. A plant cell would become turgid (swollen) when placed in a hypotonic solution, as water would move into the cell, creating pressure against the cell wall. An animal cell, on the other hand, could potentially burst (lyse) when placed in a hypotonic solution, as water would move into the cell without a rigid cell wall to prevent excessive swelling.
The Movement of Molecules
¿usion of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide:
Directions: Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide passively diffuse between the capillaries and air sacs in your lungs. Remember, molecules always move with the concentration gradient during passive transport (in this case diffusion)- from high concentration to low concentration. Predict which direction each molecule will travel in the:
[
Environment:
1. 2 02
14 CO2
2. 13 02
6 CO2
3. 2 02
10 CO,2
Cell:
13 o2
6 CO2
2o2
14 COz\2
8 o2
10 CO2
O2 will:
Co2 will:
In the environment:
1. Oxygen (O2) will travel from high concentration to low concentration (out of the environment).
2. Oxygen (O2) will travel from high concentration to low concentration (into the environment).
3. Oxygen (O2) will travel from high concentration to low concentration (into the environment).
In the cell:
1. Oxygen (O2) will travel from high concentration to low concentration (into the cell).
2. Carbon dioxide (CO2) will travel from low concentration to high concentration (out of the cell).
2 O2 will: travel from high to low concentration (into the cell).
14 CO2 will: travel from low to high concentration (out of the cell).
The movement of molecules can be understood by looking at the process of diffusion. In diffusion, molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Let's go through each situation step-by-step:
1. 2 O2 (oxygen) and 14 CO2 (carbon dioxide) in the environment: Oxygen molecules will diffuse from an area of high concentration (environment) to an area of low concentration (cell). Carbon dioxide molecules will diffuse from an area of high concentration (cell) to an area of low concentration (environment).
2. 13 O2 and 6 CO2 in the cell: Oxygen molecules will diffuse from an area of high concentration (cell) to an area of low concentration (environment). Carbon dioxide molecules will diffuse from an area of high concentration (environment) to an area of low concentration (cell).
3. 2 O2 and 10 CO2 in the environment: Oxygen molecules will diffuse from an area of high concentration (environment) to an area of low concentration (cell). Carbon dioxide molecules will diffuse from an area of high concentration (cell) to an area of low concentration (environment).
Now, let's move on to the diffusion of water (osmosis) and sugar molecules:
4. 2 sugar and 14 water in the environment: Water molecules will diffuse from an area of high concentration (environment) to an area of low concentration (cell). Sugar molecules cannot passively diffuse through the plasma membrane.
5. 8 sugar and 6 water in the environment: Water molecules will diffuse from an area of high concentration (environment) to an area of low concentration (cell). Sugar molecules cannot passively diffuse through the plasma membrane.
6. 5 sugar and 8 water in the cell: Water molecules will diffuse from an area of high concentration (cell) to an area of low concentration (environment). Sugar molecules cannot passively diffuse through the plasma membrane.
In these situations, the movement of water across the membrane is called osmosis. Water will move with the concentration gradient, from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
The solutions in the environment can be classified as either hypotonic (lower solute concentration) or hypertonic (higher solute concentration) compared to the cell.
7. The diffusion of water across a membrane is called osmosis.
8. The property of the plasma membrane that prevents sugar from passing freely but allows water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide to pass is selective permeability. The membrane has specific channels and transport proteins that allow the passage of certain molecules while restricting others.
9. If a freshwater fish is placed in saltwater, the saltwater would be hypertonic compared to the cells of the fish. As a result, water would move out of the cells through osmosis, causing the cells to shrink and potentially lead to dehydration and cell damage.
10. A plant cell (pleat cell) and an animal cell respond differently when placed in a hypotonic solution. In a hypotonic solution, the plant cell will swell and become turgid because the cell wall prevents it from bursting. On the other hand, the animal cell lacks a cell wall and may burst or undergo lysis when placed in a hypotonic solution.
In summary, understanding the movement of molecules involves considering the process of diffusion, osmosis, and the concept of selective permeability of the plasma membrane. This knowledge helps us predict the direction of molecule movement and understand how cells react in different environments.