Which of the following options best distinguishes between human geography and physical geography? (1 point)
Human geography is the study of spatial aspects of human activity, while physical geography is the study of spatial aspects of natural features and processes.
Human geography is the study of urban environments, while physical geography is the study of geology.
Human geography is the study of how humans interact with the environment, while physical geography is the study of how the physical environment impacts humans.
Human geography is the study of where people live, while physical geography is the study of where physical features are located.
The first option, "Human geography is the study of spatial aspects of human activity, while physical geography is the study of spatial aspects of natural features and processes," best distinguishes between human geography and physical geography.
A situation in geography refers to: (1 point)
the relationship between the size of a map and the size of the land it represents.
a place where humans live.
the relationship of a place where humans live to its surrounding geographic features.
the distance north or south of the equation.
The third option, "the relationship of a place where humans live to its surrounding geographic features," best defines a situation in geography.
Which pieces of evidence support Boyles , Charles, and Gay-Lussac gas laws?
The following pieces of evidence support each of the gas laws:
Boyle's Law:
1. When pressure is increased on a gas, its volume decreases proportionally.
2. When pressure is decreased on a gas, its volume increases proportionally.
3. Experimentation with different gases under controlled conditions consistently showed a predictable relationship between pressure and volume.
Charles's Law:
1. When the temperature of a gas increases, its volume increases proportionally (assuming pressure is constant).
2. When the temperature of a gas decreases, its volume decreases proportionally (assuming pressure is constant).
3. Experimental observations with different gases consistently demonstrated a direct relationship between temperature and volume.
Gay-Lussac's Law:
1. When the temperature of a gas increases, its pressure increases proportionally (assuming volume is constant).
2. When the temperature of a gas decreases, its pressure decreases proportionally (assuming volume is constant).
3. Experiments involving different gases at varying temperatures consistently showed a direct relationship between temperature and pressure.
Overall, the evidence supporting these gas laws comes from experimental observations and measurements conducted under controlled conditions using different gases.
What is an example of making an inference to support comprehension?
An example of making an inference to support comprehension can be as follows:
While reading a story, the author mentions that the main character is carrying a heavy backpack, walking slowly, and sweating profusely. Based on this information, you can infer that the main character is either hiking up a steep hill or carrying a lot of weight, causing physical strain and exhaustion. This inference helps you comprehend and make sense of the situation described by the author, allowing you to better understand the physical state of the character.
Making an inference to support comprehension in chemistry
An example of making an inference to support comprehension in chemistry can be as follows:
When conducting an experiment where a chemical reaction occurs, you observe that the temperature of the reaction mixture increases and gas bubbles are released. Based on this information, you can infer that the reaction is likely exothermic, releasing heat energy, and is producing a gas as one of the products. This inference helps you comprehend the nature of the chemical reaction, providing insight into the energy changes and the formation of a gaseous product.
How did the three scientists from different parts of the world individually collaborate to win the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry?
The information provided is not accurate. The 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded jointly to three scientists: John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham, and Akira Yoshino. Their contributions were in the development of lithium-ion batteries. While they may have collaborated with other scientists in their research and had international collaborations, there is no specific information available on how they individually collaborated with each other to win the prize. The Nobel Prize is typically awarded to individuals or groups who have made significant contributions to their fields of study.
Create an inference to support comprehension in chemistry, provide a fact, an observation and make an inference about the observation
Fact: When a piece of magnesium metal is placed in hydrochloric acid, bubbles of hydrogen gas are observed.
Observation: Bubbles of hydrogen gas are seen when a piece of magnesium metal is placed in hydrochloric acid.
Inference: The observation of bubbles indicates that a chemical reaction is taking place between the magnesium metal and the hydrochloric acid, resulting in the production of hydrogen gas.
Explain how Rutherford model of an atom changed scientific knowledge and describe the evidence that justified the model
The Rutherford model of the atom, proposed by Ernest Rutherford in 1911, made significant changes to scientific knowledge about the structure of the atom. Previously, the plum pudding model suggested that atoms were made up of a uniform positive charge with negatively charged electrons scattered throughout like plums in a pudding.
Rutherford's model, also known as the nuclear model, proposed that the atom has a tiny, dense, positively charged nucleus at the center, while the negatively charged electrons orbit around it. This model revolutionized the understanding of atomic structure and laid the foundation for further discoveries in nuclear physics.
The evidence that justified Rutherford's model included the results of the famous gold foil experiment conducted by Rutherford and his colleagues Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden. In this experiment, a beam of alpha particles (positively charged particles) was directed at a thin gold foil. According to the plum pudding model, the alpha particles should have passed straight through the foil or been slightly deflected by the scattered electrons.
However, the experimental results showed that while most of the alpha particles passed through the foil, some were deflected at large angles and even came straight back. This unexpected pattern of deflection could not be explained by the plum pudding model but was in line with Rutherford's nuclear model. It indicated that the positive charge and most of the mass of an atom were concentrated in a small, dense nucleus, while the electrons orbited around it at a significant distance.
Based on these experimental observations, Rutherford concluded that atoms were mostly empty space, with a tiny, positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons. This model provided a new understanding of atomic structure, leading to further research and discoveries in the field of nuclear physics.
Which statement is correct about the theory of combustion?
(1 point)
The theory of phlogiston became the theory of combustion.
The law of conservation of mass became the theory of combustion.
The theory of phlogiston provided justification for the theory of combustion.
The law of conservation of mass provided justification for the theory of combustion
The law of conservation of mass provided justification for the theory of combustion.
Which option best describes the kinetic molecular theory?
(1 point)
It generally used previous ideas, and is still far from scientific consensus.
It generally used previous ideas, and so it holds scientific consensus.
It was a radical change from previous ideas and is still far from scientific consensus
It was a radical change from previous ideas and now holds scientific consensus.
The option "It was a radical change from previous ideas and now holds scientific consensus" best describes the kinetic molecular theory.
How did Moseley offering a different explanation than Mendeleev on the organization of elements advance science (1 point)
It helped uncover previously undiscovered elements.
It established atomic numbers as the basis for the periodic table.
It established atomic mass as the basis for the periodic table.
It helped prove that there are no undiscovered elements
The option "It established atomic numbers as the basis for the periodic table" best describes how Moseley offering a different explanation than Mendeleev on the organization of elements advanced science. Moseley's work on X-ray spectroscopy allowed him to determine the atomic numbers of elements more accurately, which provided a more precise and logical basis for organizing elements in the periodic table. This led to the modern understanding of the periodic table, where elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
Why is empirical knowledge important? (1 point)
It provides science with facts.
It turns experiences into facts.
It lets scientists conduct investigations.
It helps scientists make observations