Functional group in a molecule
A functional group is a specific group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions or properties of that molecule. Some common functional groups include:
1. Hydroxyl group (-OH): Found in alcohols and phenols.
2. Carbonyl group (C=O): Found in aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids.
3. Carboxyl group (-COOH): Found in carboxylic acids.
4. Amino group (-NH2): Found in amines and amino acids.
5. Aldehyde group (-CHO): Found in aldehydes.
6. Ketone group (-C=O-R): Found in ketones.
7. Ester group (-COO-R): Found in esters.
8. Ether group (-R-O-R'-): Found in ethers.
9. Amide group (-CONH2): Found in amides.
10. Nitro group (-NO2): Found in nitro compounds.
11. Sulfhydryl group (-SH): Found in thiols.
12. Phosphate group (-PO4): Found in phosphates.
13. Alkyl group (-R): Found in alkane compounds.
14. Aryl group (Ar-): Found in aromatic compounds.
15. Halogen group (F, Cl, Br, I): Found in halides.
These functional groups play a crucial role in determining the chemical properties and reactivity of the molecules they are present in.
A functional group is a specific atom or group of atoms that gives a molecule its characteristic chemical properties and determines how it will react in various chemical reactions. Here are some common functional groups found in organic molecules:
1. Hydroxyl group (-OH): It is an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom. It is found in alcohols and phenols.
2. Carbonyl group (C=O): It is a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom. Two common types are aldehydes (-CHO) and ketones (-C=O).
3. Carboxyl group (-COOH): It is a carbonyl group bonded to a hydroxyl group. It is found in carboxylic acids.
4. Amino group (-NH2): It consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. It is found in amines and amino acids.
5. Sulfhydryl group (-SH): It consists of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom. It is found in thiols.
6. Phosphate group (-PO4): It consists of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. It is found in nucleotides and DNA.
These are just a few examples of functional groups. There are many more functional groups that can be found in organic molecules, each with its own unique properties and reactivity.