The five basic perspectives that comprise psychological theory are
1. Biological perspective: This perspective focuses on how biological factors, such as genetics and neurochemical imbalances, influence human behavior and mental processes. It emphasizes the role of the brain and the nervous system in shaping human experiences.
2. Cognitive perspective: The cognitive perspective looks at how our thinking processes, including perception, memory, attention, and problem-solving, influence behavior. It emphasizes the role of cognition in understanding and explaining human behavior.
3. Behavioral perspective: The behavioral perspective examines how external stimuli and environmental factors shape behavior. It emphasizes the role of conditioning and learning in shaping human behavior and focuses on observable and measurable behaviors.
4. Psychodynamic perspective: The psychodynamic perspective, developed by Sigmund Freud, focuses on the role of unconscious desires, conflicts, and childhood experiences in shaping behavior and mental processes. It emphasizes the influence of early childhood experiences and the interplay between the conscious and unconscious mind.
5. Sociocultural perspective: The sociocultural perspective looks at how social and cultural factors influence behavior and mental processes. It emphasizes the role of cultural norms, social influences, and societal expectations in shaping human behavior and highlights the importance of understanding the context in which behavior occurs.
The five basic perspectives that comprise psychological theory are:
1. Biological Perspective: This perspective emphasizes the role of biology and genetics in influencing behavior and mental processes. It considers how factors such as brain structure, hormones, and neurotransmitters impact human behavior.
2. Cognitive Perspective: This perspective focuses on how people think, perceive, and process information. It examines cognitive processes like attention, memory, problem-solving, and decision-making and how they influence behavior.
3. Behavioral Perspective: This perspective emphasizes the impact of environmental factors on behavior. It examines how behaviors are learned and shaped through experiences, reinforcement, and conditioning.
4. Psychodynamic Perspective: This perspective is rooted in Sigmund Freud's theories and explores the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences. It suggests that motivations and conflicts hidden in the unconscious can influence behavior and mental health.
5. Humanistic Perspective: This perspective emphasizes individual growth and self-actualization. It focuses on the inherent goodness of individuals and their capacity to make choices to strive for personal fulfillment and reach their potential. It also emphasizes the importance of personal experiences in shaping behavior and mental well-being.
It is important to note that these perspectives are not mutually exclusive and often influence one another in explaining human behavior and mental processes.