a) Define the term Polylines 2MKS
) Differentiate between quantilization and aliasing error in image digitization.
c) With a aid of a diagram describe the raster display architecture.
b) What is an Active Edge Table (AET), and how is it used in general polygon rasterization?
c) Flash can create two types of tweened animation, motion tweening and shape tweening.
Discuss the two type
a) Polylines are a series of connected line segments that form a continuous path or shape. They are often used in computer graphics and drafting to represent objects or outlines.
b) Quantization error refers to the loss of detail or accuracy when representing continuous values (such as colors or spatial coordinates) with discrete or limited values. This can result in artifacts such as pixelation or banding.
Aliasing error, on the other hand, occurs when a high-frequency signal is sampled or digitized at a rate that is too low to accurately represent the original signal. This can lead to distortion or the appearance of jagged edges in images or graphics.
c) The raster display architecture, also known as a raster scan, is a method of displaying images on a screen. It consists of a grid of pixels, where each pixel represents a small area of the image. The display scans the pixels row by row from top to bottom, left to right, and illuminates them to create the complete image.
b) An Active Edge Table (AET) is a data structure used in polygon rasterization algorithms. It stores information about the edges of a polygon that intersect a given scan line. The AET keeps track of the starting and ending points of each active edge, as well as the slope and other attributes. It is utilized to efficiently determine which pixels on the scan line should be filled in to render the polygon accurately.
c) Motion tweening and shape tweening are two types of tweened animation in Flash.
Motion tweening involves animating objects along a defined path or trajectory. It allows users to create smooth and controlled movement by specifying the starting and ending positions, as well as the duration and easing of the animation.
Shape tweening, on the other hand, involves morphing one shape into another over a specified period of time. It enables the transformation of one graphic or vector shape into another, allowing for visual effects such as stretching, shrinking, or warping.
Both motion tweening and shape tweening provide powerful animation capabilities in Flash, allowing for the creation of dynamic and engaging content.
a) Polylines refer to a sequence of connected line segments that form a continuous shape. In computer graphics, polylines are used to draw complex shapes or curves by approximating them with straight line segments.
b) Quantization error and aliasing error are two types of errors that occur during image digitization.
Quantization error occurs when an analog signal (such as an image) is converted into a digital representation. It is caused by the limited precision of the digital system and results in a loss of detail and accuracy. This error occurs due to the process of rounding the values to a limited number of bits, resulting in a loss of information.
Aliasing error occurs when a signal is sampled or digitized at a lower frequency than required to accurately represent the original signal. This error manifests as jagged edges or distortion in the resulting digital image. It happens because high-frequency components of the signal are mistakenly represented as lower frequencies, leading to a loss of detail and the introduction of unwanted artifacts.
c) Raster display architecture, also known as raster scan architecture, is a method of displaying images on a screen by scanning and displaying each individual pixel in a grid-like pattern.
In this architecture, the screen is divided into a grid of pixels, with each pixel represented by a unique position in the grid. The image is displayed by scanning the screen line by line, from top to bottom and left to right, and turning on or off the pixels based on the corresponding pixel data.
A diagram representing the raster display architecture would typically show a grid of pixels, with each pixel labeled or colored to indicate its state (on or off) based on the image being displayed.
b) In general polygon rasterization, an Active Edge Table (AET) is a data structure used to efficiently process and render polygons on a raster display.
The AET stores information about the current state and characteristics of the edges of a polygon being rasterized. It consists of a list of entries, with each entry corresponding to a horizontal scanline on the screen. Each entry in the AET contains information such as the X-coordinate of the current intersection point of the edge with the scanline, the slope of the edge, and other relevant data.
During the rasterization process, the AET is updated and sorted based on the current scanline being processed. The AET helps determine which pixels should be filled or colored by providing information about the active edges intersecting with the current scanline.
By efficiently managing the information about the edges, the AET reduces the computational complexity of rendering polygons and improves processing speed.
c) in Flash, tweened animation refers to the process of creating fluid and smooth transitions between keyframes, allowing for the automatic interpolation of intermediate frames. There are two types of tweened animations in Flash: motion tweening and shape tweening.
1) Motion Tweening: Motion tweening allows you to animate the motion of an object or symbol. It involves specifying the starting and ending positions, rotations, scaling, and other properties of an object, and Flash automatically generates the intermediate frames to create a smooth motion between them. Motion tweening is commonly used for movements such as object translations and rotations.
2) Shape Tweening: Shape tweening is used to create smooth transitions between different shapes or outlines. It involves specifying the starting and ending shapes or outlines of an object, and Flash automatically generates the intermediate frames to morph one shape into another. Shape tweening is often used for animating transformations such as morphing between letters or changing the appearance of objects.
Both motion tweening and shape tweening offer efficient ways to create animations in Flash without having to manually create all the individual frames. They provide flexibility and versatility in creating dynamic and visually appealing animations.