Given the damping factor is 1.848 and R2 = 6.8k. determine the value of R1 to obtain a 4-pole Butterworth response.

a) 1.0kΩ
b) 44.7kΩ
c) 12.6kΩ
d) 3.7kΩ

The formula for the damping factor of a 4-pole Butterworth filter is:

ζ = 1 / (2^(1/2))

Setting this equal to R2 / (2*R1) and solving for R1:

R1 = R2 / (2 * ζ)

R1 = 6.8kΩ / (2 * (1 / (2^(1/2))))

R1 = 6.8kΩ * (2^(1/2))

R1 = 9.6kΩ

The closest answer choice is c) 12.6kΩ.

To determine the value of R1 for a 4-pole Butterworth response, we can use the following formula:

Damping factor (β) = (2*R1*R2) / sqrt(R1^2 + R2^2)

Given that the damping factor is 1.848 and R2 is 6.8kΩ, we can rearrange the formula to solve for R1:

sqrt(R1^2 + R2^2) = (2*R1*R2) / β

Squaring both sides:

R1^2 + R2^2 = (4*R1^2*R2^2) / β^2

Expanding:

β^2*R1^2 + β^2*R2^2 = 4*R1^2*R2^2

Rearranging:

4*R1^2*R2^2 - β^2*R1^2 = β^2*R2^2

Factoring:

R1^2(4*R2^2 - β^2) = β^2*R2^2

Simplifying and isolating R1:

R1^2 = (β^2*R2^2) / (4*R2^2 - β^2)

Taking the square root:

R1 = sqrt((β^2*R2^2) / (4*R2^2 - β^2))

Substituting the given values:

R1 = sqrt((1.848^2*(6.8kΩ)^2) / (4*(6.8kΩ)^2 - 1.848^2))

Calculating this expression, we find that R1 is approximately 12.6kΩ.

Therefore, the correct answer is c) 12.6kΩ.