What are the two processes by which nuclear energy is released? Briefly describe the processes.
The two processes by which nuclear energy is released are nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.
Nuclear fission involves splitting the nucleus of an atom into two smaller nuclei, releasing a large amount of energy in the process. This is typically achieved by bombarding a radioactive material with a neutron, which causes the nucleus to become unstable and split apart. This process is used in nuclear reactors to generate electricity.
Nuclear fusion involves combining the nuclei of two atoms to form a larger nucleus, also releasing a large amount of energy in the process. This process occurs naturally in the sun and other stars, where the immense heat and pressure cause hydrogen nuclei to fuse into helium. Scientists are currently researching nuclear fusion as a potential source of clean, sustainable energy on Earth.
The two processes by which nuclear energy is released are nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.
1. Nuclear Fission: In this process, the nucleus of an atom is split into two smaller nuclei by bombarding it with a neutron. The splitting of the nucleus releases a large amount of energy, as well as more neutrons. These released neutrons can then go on to strike other nuclei, triggering a chain reaction. This chain reaction releases even more energy and more neutrons, leading to a self-sustaining release of nuclear energy. Nuclear fission is the process used in nuclear power plants to generate electricity.
2. Nuclear Fusion: In this process, two light atomic nuclei combine or "fuse" to form a heavier nucleus. This fusion process releases a tremendous amount of energy due to the conversion of mass into energy, according to Einstein's famous equation E=mc². Nuclear fusion occurs at extremely high temperatures and pressures, similar to the conditions found in the core of stars. While fusion reactions have the potential to release a vast amount of energy, they currently require more energy input than they produce, making them difficult to sustain for practical use. However, scientists are continually researching and developing ways to achieve controlled nuclear fusion as a potentially clean and abundant energy source in the future.