Define the following terms in a simple way
1. Electron affinity
2. Shielding
3. Electronegavity
4. Dipole moment
5. Oxidation state
1. Electron affinity: The likelihood of an atom to attract an additional electron to its outermost shell.
2. Shielding: A phenomenon in which the inner electrons of an atom reduce the attraction of the nucleus towards the outermost electron(s).
3. Electronegativity: A measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons from a bonding pair towards itself.
4. Dipole moment: A measure of the polarity of a molecule, which arises from an uneven distribution of electrical charge.
5. Oxidation state: A representation of the number of electrons gained or lost by an atom to form a chemical compound, indicating its degree of oxidation or reduction.
1. Electron affinity: Electron affinity is the energy change that occurs when an atom gains an electron. It measures how much an atom "wants" to gain an electron.
2. Shielding: Shielding refers to the effect of inner electrons in an atom blocking the attraction between the nucleus and the outer electrons. It reduces the net positive charge felt by the outer electrons.
3. Electronegativity: Electronegativity is the measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond. It indicates how "greedy" an atom is for shared electrons.
4. Dipole moment: Dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative charges within a molecule. It indicates the overall polarity of the molecule.
5. Oxidation state: Oxidation state (or oxidation number) is the assigned positive or negative charge of an atom within a compound. It indicates the electron loss or gain by the atom in a chemical reaction.