Which is a negative incentive?

a

Individuals caught breaking traffic laws face fines or other penalties.
b

The government gives first-time homeowners an income tax credit for purchasing a home.
c

A government payment is given to firms that develop new products that improve public health or safety.
d

The federal government receives low-interest loans for economic development from international organizations.

a - Individuals caught breaking traffic laws face fines or other penalties.

The negative incentive out of the given options is:

a) Individuals caught breaking traffic laws face fines or other penalties.

This is considered a negative incentive because it involves punishment or negative consequences for individuals who violate traffic laws.