Exaplin the diagram US>CS>R
CD>R in terms of classical conditioning
US>CS>R and CD>R represent two different classical conditioning processes.
In US>CS>R, the unconditioned stimulus (US) is paired with a neutral stimulus, which becomes the conditioned stimulus (CS). Eventually, the CS elicits the conditioned response (R) that was originally only elicited by the US. For example, if a bell is repeatedly paired with the presentation of food, eventually the sound of the bell alone (CS) will elicit the salivation response (R) that was originally only elicited by the sight of the food (US).
In CD>R, the conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with another stimulus, which becomes a conditioned inhibitor (CD). The CD inhibits the conditioned response (R) that was originally elicited by the CS alone. For example, if a tone (CS) is paired with a shock that consistently follows the tone, the organism will eventually learn to fear the tone and show a fear response (R). However, if the tone is then presented with a light that signals "safety" and is never followed by a shock, the light (CD) will inhibit the fear response (R) typically elicited by the tone (CS) alone.
In classical conditioning, the diagram US>CS>R represents the process of associative learning, where a neutral stimulus (CS or conditioned stimulus) becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus (US), resulting in a conditioned response (CR). Here's an explanation of each component:
US (Unconditioned Stimulus): The US refers to a stimulus that naturally elicits a response without any prior learning or conditioning. It is an automatic, reflexive response. For example, if we consider the reflex of blinking, a puff of air directed towards the eye could act as a US.
CS (Conditioned Stimulus): The CS is a previously neutral stimulus that, through repeated pairing with the US, acquires the ability to provoke a conditioned response. In other words, the CS becomes associated with the US. In the given diagram, the CS is represented by CD (Conditioned Stimulus).
R (Response): The response (R) is an observable behavior produced by an organism in response to a stimulus. It can be a reflex, emotional reaction, or any other observable response. The specific response that occurs due to the US-CS association is known as the conditioned response (CR).
Therefore, the diagram US>CS>R represents the process of classical conditioning, where an unconditioned stimulus (US) elicits a conditioned response (CR) through the association with a conditioned stimulus (CS).