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The evolution of Darwin’s finches (different beak shapes occurring on different Galapagos Islands) is an example of:
speciation
vestigial structures
stabilizing selection
artificial selection

speciation

The evolution of Darwin's finches, specifically the different beak shapes occurring on different Galapagos Islands, is an example of speciation. Speciation refers to the formation of new and distinct species over time through the process of natural selection. In this case, the finches on different islands developed unique beak shapes that allowed them to adapt and specialize in different food sources available on their respective islands. This divergence in beak shapes eventually led to the formation of distinct finch species on each island.