The length of a pencil lcm, varies directly with it's mass, mg, and inversely with it's area of cross-section, Acm². When m=4 and A=0•4, I=18.

A. Find the formula connecting l, m and A
B. Hence find the length of a pencil which has a mass of 3g and a cross-sectional area of 0•5²

A. We can write the formula as:

l = k(mg/A)

where k is the constant of proportionality. To find k, we plug in the given values:

18 = k(4*0.4/1)
18 = k(1.6)
k = 11.25

Therefore, the formula connecting l, m and A is:

l = 11.25(mg/A)

B. We are given m = 3g and A = 0.5² = 0.25cm². Plugging in these values into the formula, we get:

l = 11.25(3*0.25/0.25)
l = 33.75

Therefore, the length of the pencil is 33.75 cm.

To find the formula connecting length (l), mass (m), and cross-sectional area (A), we can represent the given conditions using a proportionality constant (k).

Since the length varies directly with the mass and inversely with the area, the formula can be written as:

l ∝ (m/A)

where ∝ denotes "is proportional to."

To remove the proportionality symbol, we introduce a constant of proportionality, k:

l = k * (m/A) ----- (Equation 1)

Now, let's use the given information: when m = 4 and A = 0.4, the length is 18 (given as I).

So, substituting these values into Equation 1, we have:

18 = k * (4/0.4)

To simplify, we divide 4 by 0.4:

18 = k * 10

Now, let's solve for k:

k = 18/10

k = 1.8

Therefore, the formula connecting length (l), mass (m), and cross-sectional area (A) is:

l = 1.8 * (m/A)

Now, we can use this formula to find the length of a pencil with a mass of 3g and a cross-sectional area of 0.5².

Substituting the values into the formula:

l = 1.8 * (3/0.5²)

l = 1.8 * (3/0.25)

l = 1.8 * 12

l = 21.6

Hence, the length of the pencil with a mass of 3g and a cross-sectional area of 0.5² is 21.6 units.