Later Civilizations of East Asia Unit Test
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Of the following statements, which one MOST accurately represents Koryo culture?
A.
Traditional dress of Korean women mirrored that of Chinese women.
B.
Civil service exams and government jobs were open to all Koreans.
C.
Only aristocrats could own property in Korea.
D.
Koreans had their own unique religion and discouraged people from practicing Buddhism.
B. Civil service exams and government jobs were open to all Koreans.
Which statement MOST accurately represents the Kingdom of Silla?
A.
The Silla were economically and culturally advanced.
B.
The Silla's powerful military helped to defeat the Mongols in China.
C.
The Silla adapted a government similar to the Japanese feudal system.
D.
Art and architecture of the Silla culture can be seen throughout China.
A. The Silla were economically and culturally advanced.
How did Ming emperors try to erase Mongol influence on China? Select the two correct answers.
A.
They restored the civil service system.
B.
They embraced foreign trade.
C.
They became suspicious of foreign visitors.
D.
They rejected Confucian values.
E.
They moved the capital to Hangzhou.
A and C.
A. They restored the civil service system.
C. They became suspicious of foreign visitors.
How did the Japanese imperial court system of appointing government officials lead to the rise of the Fujiwara family?
Under the Japanese imperial court system, officials were appointed based on their connections to the aristocracy and ability to serve the emperor. The Fujiwara family, which had many high-ranking members in the aristocracy, used their connections to position family members in high-ranking government roles. Through their successful appointments and control over the government, they were able to amass wealth, power and prestige, and by the late 9th century, they became the dominant political force in Japan.
Describe feudal Japanese society. What were the roles of shoguns, samurai, daimyo, and peasants?
Feudal Japanese society was characterized by a strict hierarchical system that was dominated by the warrior class, or samurai. At the top of the hierarchy were the shoguns, military leaders who held the most power and authority in feudal Japan. The shoguns were appointed by the emperor, but often ruled independently of him, exercising control over much of the government and military.
Beneath the shoguns were the daimyo, powerful regional lords who controlled smaller territories and were responsible for maintaining law and order within their domains. The daimyo were often wealthy and controlled large armies of samurai, who pledged their loyalty to them in exchange for protection and support.
The samurai were highly trained warriors who served as the driving force behind feudal Japan's military machine. They were skilled in combat and were fiercely loyal to their lords, often willing to fight and die in their lord's name.
At the bottom of the social hierarchy were the peasants, who were responsible for agricultural labor and the maintenance of land. They made up the majority of the population and were often subject to heavy taxation and the demands of the ruling classes.
Overall, feudal Japanese society was highly stratified and centered around the military power and authority of the ruling classes, particularly the shoguns, daimyo, and samurai. The roles of the peasants were to support the system through labor and taxation.
Compare and contrast the Chinese government bureaucracy under the Tang and Song dynasties. How was it similar? How did it differ?
The Tang and Song dynasties were both notable for their strong central governments and highly developed bureaucracies, but there were also significant differences in how these bureaucracies were organized and operated.
Similarities:
- Both the Tang and Song dynasties established a merit-based civil service examination system to select government officials based on their knowledge and ability, rather than family connections or social status.
- The government bureaucracy in both dynasties was organized into hierarchical levels of officials who were responsible for specific administrative duties, such as taxation, law enforcement, and military affairs.
- Both dynasties placed a great deal of emphasis on Confucianism, which emphasized the importance of education, social harmony, and respect for authority.
Differences:
- The Tang dynasty had a larger, more complex bureaucracy that was organized around six ministries, each with its own specialized functions. In contrast, the Song dynasty bureaucracy was organized around just three central agencies: the legislative, executive, and judicial departments.
- During the Tang dynasty, the most important officials were appointed to the imperial court, whereas during the Song dynasty, important officials were dispatched to the provinces to improve governance and reduce corruption.
- Furthermore, the Song dynasty bureaucracy was more heavily involved in regulating the economy, promoting trade and commerce, and overseeing scientific and technological innovations, while the Tang dynasty bureaucracy primarily focused on securing borders and maintaining military strength.
Overall, while the Tang and Song dynasties had similar approaches to government administration, their bureaucracies differed in terms of their size, structure, and specific functions.
Choose one of the following belief systems and describe its characteristics:
Buddhism
Confucianism
Daoism
Shinto
Consider the following questions while writing your response:
Where is this belief system practiced?
Is it a religion or a philosophy?
What are some of its key ideas?
How has it influenced the cultures who follow its teachings?
Buddhism is a religion that originated in India and is now practiced throughout the world, including countries in East and Southeast Asia.
Key ideas of Buddhism include the Four Noble Truths, which teach that life is suffering, that desire causes suffering, that suffering can be overcome by abandoning desire, and that the path to overcoming desire is the Eightfold Path. Buddhists also believe in the cycle of rebirth and karma, the idea that actions in this life will have consequences in future lives.
Buddhism has greatly influenced the cultures who follow its teachings. In many countries where Buddhism is practiced, such as Thailand, Cambodia, and Sri Lanka, it has played a central role in shaping art, literature, and traditions. Buddhism has also had a significant impact on religious practices in East Asia, where it has been incorporated into local belief systems such as Shinto in Japan and Taoism in China. In addition, Buddhist teachings, particularly those related to mindfulness and compassion, have influenced contemporary Western culture through practices like meditation and self-reflection.