Axial skeleton
The axial skeleton is the portion of the skeleton that consists of the bones of the head and trunk. It includes the skull, vertebral column, rib cage, and hyoid bone. Its primary function is to provide support and protection for the internal organs of the body. The axial skeleton is essential for body movement, posture, and stability. It also plays a crucial role in blood cell production and calcium storage. Muscle groups attach to the axial skeleton to facilitate movement, and the spinal cord passes through the vertebral column, transmitting signals from the brain to the body.
The axial skeleton is the central part of the skeleton that includes the bones of the head, neck, vertebral column, and thoracic cage. It provides support and protection for the organs of the central nervous system and the vital organs of the thoracic cavity.
The axial skeleton is composed of several major bones, including:
1. Skull: The skull is made up of multiple bones that protect the brain. It consists of the cranial bones that enclose the brain and the facial bones, which provide support and structure to the face.
2. Vertebral Column: The vertebral column, also known as the spinal column, is made up of a series of individual bones called vertebrae. It provides support for the body, protects the spinal cord, and allows for movement and flexibility.
3. Sternum: The sternum, or breastbone, is a flat bone located in the center of the chest. It connects the rib bones and provides support and protection for the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels.
4. Ribs: The ribs are long, curved bones that form the ribcage. They connect to the vertebral column in the back and the sternum in the front, providing protection for the heart, lungs, and other organs.
5. Hyoid Bone: The hyoid bone is a U-shaped bone located in the neck, just above the larynx. It does not directly articulate with any other bone but acts as a support for the muscles and structures of the tongue and throat.
These bones of the axial skeleton work together to provide support, protection, and stability for the body's vital structures.