what is coding and non coding dna
Coding DNA consists of the genes that are transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) and ultimately translated into proteins. Non-coding DNA cannot be translated into proteins and includes regulatory regions, introns, and repetitive sequences. Non-coding DNA can still have important functions such as regulating gene expression and chromosomal structure and serving as sites for DNA replication and repair.
Coding DNA, also known as exons, refers to the region of DNA that contains the instructions for the synthesis of proteins. It consists of segments that are transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) and ultimately translated into proteins.
Non-coding DNA, also called introns or intergenic regions, refers to the portions of the DNA that do not encode proteins. It was once considered "junk DNA" because it was thought to have no purpose, but recent research has shown that non-coding DNA has various important functions. Some non-coding regions regulate gene expression by controlling the activity of coding regions, while others play roles in DNA replication, chromosome stability, and protein binding. Non-coding DNA is also involved in the regulation of development and the evolution of species.