What is the new organism called that contains the new DNA?
Give an example of how this process has been used in the medical field (be
specific about the product).
Give an example of how this process has been used in agriculture (be specific
about the product).
The new organism containing the new DNA is called a transgenic organism or a genetically modified organism (GMO).
Example in the medical field: Production of insulin using genetically modified bacteria such as E.coli. The human gene for insulin production is inserted into the bacteria's DNA, which then produces insulin that can be harvested and used by humans with diabetes.
Example in agriculture: Genetically modified crops such as Bt cotton have been developed by inserting a gene from a bacterium into the DNA of cotton plants. The resulting cotton produces a toxin that repels the bollworm pest, reducing the need for insecticides and increasing crop yields.
The process you are referring to is called genetic engineering or genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Through this process, the DNA of an organism is modified to introduce new traits or characteristics.
In the medical field, an example of genetic engineering is the production of insulin using genetically modified bacteria. Normally, insulin is produced by the pancreas in humans, but it can also be extracted from the pancreas of animals. However, this supply was limited, so scientists genetically modified bacteria, such as E. coli, to produce human insulin. These bacteria were engineered with the human gene that codes for insulin production. As a result, the bacteria were able to produce large quantities of insulin, which is then harvested and used as a medical treatment for diabetes.
In agriculture, a prominent example of genetic engineering is the production of genetically modified crops, such as Bt cotton. Bt cotton is engineered with a gene from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which produces a protein toxic to certain pests. By incorporating this gene, Bt cotton plants are able to produce a toxin that kills specific types of insects, reducing the need for chemical insecticides. This helps in protecting the crop while minimizing the environmental impact and potential harm to non-target species.