The sonata became a great innovation of the Classical period. The parts of a sonata include what
is known as the Sonata form, which consists of three main sections: the exposition, the development, and the recapitulation. The exposition presents the main themes and tonality of the piece, the development section manipulates and modulates the themes, and the recapitulation restates the original themes in the original tonality. Additionally, many sonatas include a slow second movement and a fast final movement.
The parts of a sonata typically include the following elements:
1. Exposition: This is the initial section of a sonata where the main musical themes are introduced. It typically consists of two contrasting themes, often in different keys.
2. Development: In this section, the composer takes the themes introduced in the exposition and manipulates them in a variety of ways. This can involve changing the key, rhythm, or melody, and exploring different harmonic progressions and variations.
3. Recapitulation: The recapitulation is where the themes from the exposition are restated, usually in the original key. However, unlike the exposition, both themes are typically presented in the same key, providing a sense of resolution and balance.
4. Coda: The coda is an optional closing section that follows the recapitulation. It serves as a conclusion to the sonata and often contains contrasting material or a final phrase that provides a sense of finality.
Additionally, a sonata can include other sections such as introductions, interludes, or transitional passages, depending on the composer's intentions. It is worth noting that the specific structure of a sonata can vary between different composers and musical eras, but the general framework mentioned above is commonly found in Classical period sonatas.