name two South African constitutions of which you have learned in this module
that were promulgated during the twentieth century that entrenched only the
formal testing powers of the courts.
The two South African constitutions that were promulgated during the twentieth century and entrenched only the formal testing powers of the courts are:
1. The Constitution of 1961: This was the constitution that established the Republic of South Africa and abolished the monarchy. It entrenched the formal testing powers of the courts and provided for a Supreme Court of South Africa and High Courts.
2. The Constitution of 1983: This was the constitution that was enacted by the government of PW Botha and entrenched the formal testing powers of the courts. It also established a Constitutional Court to hear matters relating to the interpretation and enforcement of the constitution. However, this constitution was widely criticized for its provisions that allowed for detention without trial and restrictions on freedom of speech and association.
1. The South African Constitution of 1961: This constitution was promulgated during the twentieth century and, at the time, South Africa was under apartheid rule. The constitution established a formal testing power for the courts, which meant that they had the authority to review legislation for compliance with the constitution.
2. The South African Interim Constitution of 1993: This constitution was drafted as an interim measure during the transition period from apartheid to democracy. It also entrenched the formal testing powers of the courts, allowing them to assess the constitutionality of laws. The Interim Constitution paved the way for the final adoption of the current South African Constitution in 1996.