4 theory of lev vygotsky
1. Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD): According to Vygotsky, the ZPD is the range between a child's independent level of functioning and their potential level of development with guidance and support from others. Vygotsky believed that learning occurred when a child was pushed beyond their current level of development with assistance from a more knowledgeable person.
2. Sociocultural Theory: Vygotsky emphasized the role of culture and social interactions in cognitive development. He believed that social interactions and cultural context played a critical role in shaping individuals' beliefs, values, and behaviors.
3. Guided Participation: Vygotsky believed that learning occurred through the interaction of children with more experienced adults or peers. This process, called guided participation, involves providing support and scaffolding for the child to learn and develop.
4. Language and Thought: Vygotsky viewed language as a tool for thinking and believed that children use language to organize their thoughts and make sense of the world around them. According to Vygotsky, language development is a key aspect of cognitive development and plays a critical role in shaping individuals' thinking and reasoning abilities.