Discuss leaf modifications that allow the plant to adapt to the limiting and damaging factors in savanna biome
The savanna biome is characterized by a hot and dry climate with low rainfall, frequent wildfires, and grazing animals. To survive and adapt to these harsh conditions, plants in the savanna biome have developed several leaf modifications.
1. Reduced surface area: Many plants in the savanna have small or narrow leaves that reduce the surface area exposed to the hot sun. This helps to reduce water loss through transpiration.
2. Thick cuticle: The cuticle is a waxy layer that covers the leaf surface and prevents water loss. Plants in the savanna have thick cuticles to protect them from water loss due to evaporation.
3. Deep roots: The savanna biome has a dry soil surface, and plants have adapted by developing deep root systems to reach water deep underground.
4. Concentrated chloroplasts: To maximize photosynthesis and reduce water loss, plants in the savanna have concentrated chloroplasts in a layer deep within the leaf.
5. Hairy leaves: Some savanna plants have developed hairy leaves that act as insulation, protecting the leaf from the intense heat and reducing water loss.
6. Spines: Some plants in the savanna biome have evolved spiny leaves to deter grazing animals from eating them, thus conserving precious resources.
Overall, these leaf modifications help the plant to survive in the savanna biome by minimizing water loss and maximizing photosynthesis, thus increasing their chances of surviving in a harsh environment.