Name all the cell types that make up each tissue and function of each cell type in monocot root and they develop from which meristem
Monocot roots are made up of several tissues, each with unique cell types and functions. The cell types and functions of each tissue in monocot root are:
1. Epidermis: The epidermis is the outermost tissue layer in the monocot root, and it is responsible for protecting the root from external damage. The cell types in the epidermis include:
- Epidermal cells: These cells are thin and form a continuous layer over the root surface. They produce a waxy layer called cuticle, which helps to prevent water loss and protect against microbes.
- Root hairs: These are elongated and thin-walled cells that protrude out of the epidermis and increase the surface area for water and nutrient absorption.
2. Cortex: The cortex is located just beneath the epidermis and it is responsible for storage and transport of nutrients and water. The cell types in the cortex include:
- Parenchyma cells: These cells are relatively unspecialized and can store food reserves and water in their vacuoles.
- Endodermal cells: These cells form the innermost layer of the cortex and they have apoplastic barriers called Casparian strips that control the entry of water and minerals from the soil.
- Pericycle cells: These cells form a single layer just beneath the endodermis and they give rise to lateral roots.
3. Vascular tissue: The vascular tissue in the monocot root is responsible for long-distance transport of water, minerals, and nutrients. The cell types in the vascular tissue include:
- Xylem cells: These cells are responsible for carrying water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant. They are made up of vessel elements and/or tracheids.
- Phloem cells: These cells are responsible for transporting organic compounds such as sugars and amino acids from photosynthetic tissues to the rest of the plant. They are made up of sieve tubes and companion cells.
Monocot roots develop from the radicle of the embryo and are composed of tissues that arise from the apical meristem located on the root tip.