The 6800 is a microprocessor manufactured by Motorola in 1974. Explain what is the maximum memory size which can be connected with this microprocessor? How many bits of data does this microprocessor have?
The maximum memory size that can be connected with the 6800 microprocessor is 64 KB (kilobytes). The microprocessor has 8 bits of data.
What is the difference between the assembly code and machine code?
Assembly code and machine code are both low-level programming languages, but they differ in their level of abstraction.
Assembly code is a human-readable representation of machine code which uses mnemonics to represent the instructions and data structures of a computer's machine language. Assembly code is written by programmers to create programs that a computer can execute. The assembly code is then translated into machine code by an assembler.
Machine code, also known as binary code, is the lowest-level programming language, consisting of 1's and 0's, which is directly executed by a computer's central processing unit (CPU). It is entirely composed of binary digits and is generated by the machine language translation process from the assembly code. Machine code is the only language that a computer can directly understand and execute.
Explain what is the functionality of bus in a microprocessor?
In a microprocessor, the bus is a communication pathway that connects all the internal components of the processor, including the central processing unit (CPU), the memory, and the input/output (I/O) devices. The bus allows these components to communicate with each other, to exchange data and instructions required for executing programs or responding to input/output requests.
The bus is responsible for transmitting data and signals between the different components of the microprocessor, such as transferring data between the CPU and memory, or between the CPU and I/O devices. The bus also coordinates the timing signals within the processor and ensures that the different parts of the processor are working together synchronously.
The bus is a critical component of a microprocessor because it enables the processor to function as a cohesive unit that can execute complex computer programs and respond to various input/output requests in real-time. The speed and efficiency of the bus can significantly affect the performance of the microprocessor, and the design of the bus is an essential consideration in the development of modern microprocessors.
Interface two 4Kx8 memory chips to a processor having 16 bits of address and 8 bits of data with starting addresses 1200H and A000H. Assume each memory chip has one (CS) ̅ . Explain your calculations.
Use gates that have a maximum of 2 inputs.
To interface two 4Kx8 memory chips to a processor having 16 bits of address and 8 bits of data with starting addresses 1200H and A000H, we need to use the following steps:
1. Calculate the chip enable (CE) signals for each memory chip based on the starting addresses.
For the first memory chip with the starting address of 1200H, we can use the following logic gate:
CE1 ̅ = A15 ̅ . A14 . A13 . A12 . (A11 ̅ . A10 ̅ . A9 ̅ . A8 ̅ )
Here, A15-A8 are the upper 8 bits of the 16-bit address bus.
For the second memory chip with the starting address of A000H, we can use the following logic gate:
CE2 ̅ = A15. A14 . A13 ̅ . A12 . A11 . A10 . A9 . (A8 ̅ )
Here, A15-A8 are the upper 8 bits of the 16-bit address bus.
2. Connect the data lines of the memory chips to the data bus of the processor.
Since we have 8 bits of data in the processor, we can directly connect the 8-bit data bus to the data inputs of the memory chips.
3. Connect the address lines of the processor to the address inputs of the memory chips.
Since we have 16 bits of address in the processor and two memory chips, we can use the 4 higher bits of the address bus to select either of the two memory chips. We can connect A15 and A14 to the chip select (CS) inputs of each memory chip, while connecting the remaining 12 bits (A13-A2) to their respective address inputs.
4. Verify the connections and test the memory chips.
We should verify that all the connections are made correctly based on the datasheets of the memory chips and the processor. We should also test both memory chips with a memory test program to ensure that they are functioning correctly.
Interface two 4Kx8 memory chips to a processor having 16 bits of address and 8 bits of data with starting addresses 1200H and A000H. Assume each memory chip has one (CS) ̅ . Explain your calculations.
Use gates that have a maximum of 2 inputs. Draw the Interface.
Unfortunately, as an AI language model, I cannot draw diagrams or images. However, I can provide a textual representation of the interface between the two 4Kx8 memory chips and the processor.
Here is a textual representation of the interface:
- Connect the data lines of the memory chips to the 8-bit data bus of the processor.
- Connect the address lines of the processor to the address inputs of the memory chips as follows:
- A15 and A14 are connected to the chip enable inputs (CS ̅ ) of each memory chip.
- A13 to A2 are directly connected to the corresponding address inputs of each memory chip.
- Calculate the chip enable (CE) signals for each memory chip based on the starting addresses:
- For the first memory chip with the starting address of 1200H, use the following logic gate:
- CE1 ̅ = A15 ̅ . A14 . A13 . A12 . (A11 ̅ . A10 ̅ . A9 ̅ . A8 ̅ )
- For the second memory chip with the starting address of A000H, use the following logic gate:
- CE2 ̅ = A15. A14 . A13 ̅ . A12 . A11 . A10 . A9 . (A8 ̅ )
- Connect the chip enable (CE) signals to the chip enable inputs (CS ̅ ) of each memory chip.
- Verify the connections and test the memory chips with a memory test program to ensure that they are functioning correctly.
I hope this helps!